怎么安装mysql数据库,这里不说了,只说它的主从复制,步骤如下
在进行主从设置之前
首先确保mysql主从服务器之间的数据库端口防火墙互相打开,
尽量确保主从数据库账户一致性(主从切换使用),否则将操作失败,
其次是确保mysql账户对mysql数据库目录有“可读写”权限非“可写”权限,
为了确保不出意外,最好删除mysql之前陈旧的mysql-bin、mysql日志,然后重启mysql
在主服务器上新建一个new_test数据库并为其建一个test表,然后导出导入到从服务器上(测试主从使用)服务器上可替换成现有的数据库进行操作(我这里主从上各建立一个相同账户和密码,相同的端口配置,为了主从切换,方便测试,记得防火墙端口和日志位置读写权限一定要有的)
1、主从服务器分别作以下操作:
1.1、版本一致
1.2、初始化表,并在后台启动mysql
1.3、修改root的密码
2、修改主服务器master:
#vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log-bin=mysql-bin //[必须]启用二进制日志
server-id=1 //[必须]默认是1,一般取IP最后一段
port=1223
bing-address=0.0.0.0
log-bin=mysql-bin.log(必须,数据库日志文件,主从必须)
binlog-do-db =new_test (要记录的数据库,多个可换行多次设置)
replicate-do-db =new_test (要复制的数据库,多个可换行过个设置)
binlog-ignore-db=mysql //不对mysql库进行日志记录操作 如下意思雷同
binlog-ignore-db=test
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db=test //不对test进行复制操作 如下意思雷同
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
3、修改从服务器slave:
#vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
port=1223
bing-address=0.0.0.0 //意思是允许所有 机器 服务器安全起见可设置为指定的服务器IP地址 如 116.128.1.10等
log-bin=mysql-bin.log
server-id=2
binlog-do-db =new_test
replicate-do-db =new_test
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
binlog-ignore-db=test
binlog-ignore-db=information_schema
binlog-ignore-db=performance_schema
replicate-ignore-db=test
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
replicate-ignore-db=information_schema
replicate-ignore-db=performance_schema
4、重启两台服务器的mysql
service mysql restart
5、在主服务器上建立帐户并授权slave:
#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql -u数据库账户名 -p数据库密码
mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'newback_username'@'%' identified by 'newback_pwd'; //一般不用root帐号,“%”表示所有客户端都可能连(安全起见可将%替换成指定服务器IP,如116.121.1.10),只要帐号,密码正确。
6、登录主服务器的mysql,查询master的状态(可在phpmyadmin 中执行次操作)
mysql>show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 120 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
注:执行完此步骤后不要再操作主服务器MYSQL,防止主服务器状态值变化
7、配置从服务器Slave:
mysql>change master to master_host='116.121.1.10',master_port=1223,master_user='newback',master_password='cctv@12315#$',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120 //注意不要断开,master_port为mysql服务器端口号(无引号),master_user为执行同步操作的数据库账户,“120”无单引号(此处的120就是show master status 中看到的position的值,这里的mysql-bin.000001就是file对应的值)。(此处可在从服务器phpmyadmin中用sql语句操作)
Mysql>start slave; //启动从服务器复制功能(可在phpmyadmin中执行该SQL语句)
8、检查从服务器复制功能状态:
mysql> show slave status/G (可在从服务器phpmyadmin中执行“show slave status” SQL语句)
*************************** 1. row ***************************
……………………(省略部分)
Slave_IO_Running: Yes //此状态必须YES
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes //此状态必须YES
……………………(省略部分)
注:Slave_IO及Slave_SQL进程必须正常运行,即YES状态,否则都是错误的状态(如:其中一个NO均属错误)。
以上操作过程,主从服务器配置完成。
9、主从服务器测试:
在主服务器new_test数据库中的test表中插入 或者更新一条记录,如果从服务器同样更新 插入 则配置正确,否则错误
10、mysql5.5+版本与mysql5.5之前版本的一些差异:
其中大部分的内容相似 主要是5.5之后不再支持master打头的参数 如: master-host,master-user,master-password,master-port等。 错误如下: [ERROR] /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: unknown variable 'master-host=192.168.2.182' 主配置不变,依旧是 server-id=1 log-bin=log binlog-do-db=database1 //需要同步的数据库 binlog-do-db=database2 binlog-ignore-db=mysql //被忽略的数据库 …………(省略部分) 从配置改为(注意下列注释部分,统统被废弃了): server-id=2 #master-host=192.168.124.51 #master-user= AffairLog #master-password= password #master-port=3306 #master-connect-retry=60 replicate-do-db=database1 //同步的数据库 replicate-do-db=database2 replicate-ignore-db=mysql //被忽略的数据库 其次是不能直接使用slave start 或者start slave 命令了,因为那样会报错, 我们需要使用change master to 即: mysql>change master to >master_host='192.168.124.51', >master_user='username', >master_password='password', >master_log_file='bin-log.000001', >master_log_pos=120; 然后start slave; (也可一句话执行如:"change master to master_host='116.121.1.10',master_port=1223,master_user='newback',master_password='cctv@12315#$',master_log_file='mysql-bin.000001',master_log_pos=120" 【实际命令去掉外面的双引号,端口号和master_log_pos不加引号】 ) 其他一切不变
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