第二章 数据类型
- Mysql中尽量不要使用UNSIGNED,因为可能会带来一些意想不到的效果
- SHOW CREATE TABLE tablename/G;查看表的创建语句
- ZEROFILL会将宽度小于设置的时候自动填充0
- 生产环境建议将SQL_MODE设置为严格模式:SET GLOBAL sql_mode='strict_trans_tables';
- DATETIME占用8字节,DATE占用3字节,TIMESTAMP占用4字节,DATETIME和TIMESTAMP显示的结果都是一样的,都是固定的"YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS"的形式,但是显示的范围不同,且TIMESTAMP实际存储的内容为"1970-01-01 00:00:00"到当前时间的毫秒数
- CURRENT_TIMESTAMP是NOW的同义词,SYSDATE函数返回的是执行到当前函数时的时间,而NOW返回的是执行SQL语句时的时间
- 时间操作函数:DATE_ADD和DATE_SUB
select NOW() as now,DATE_ADD(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY) as tomorrow, DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 1 DAY) as yesterday/G;

MySQLhandlesconcurrencyusingamixofrow-levelandtable-levellocking,primarilythroughInnoDB'srow-levellocking.ComparedtootherRDBMS,MySQL'sapproachisefficientformanyusecasesbutmayfacechallengeswithdeadlocksandlacksadvancedfeatureslikePostgreSQL'sSerializa

MySQLhandlestransactionseffectivelyusingtheInnoDBengine,supportingACIDpropertiessimilartoPostgreSQLandOracle.1)MySQLusesREPEATABLEREADasthedefaultisolationlevel,whichcanbeadjustedtoREADCOMMITTEDforhigh-trafficscenarios.2)Itoptimizesperformancewithabu

MySQL data types are divided into numerical, date and time, string, binary and spatial types. Selecting the correct type can optimize database performance and data storage.

Best practices include: 1) Understanding the data structure and MySQL processing methods, 2) Appropriate indexing, 3) Avoid SELECT*, 4) Using appropriate JOIN types, 5) Use subqueries with caution, 6) Analyzing queries with EXPLAIN, 7) Consider the impact of queries on server resources, 8) Maintain the database regularly. These practices can make MySQL queries not only fast, but also maintainability, scalability and resource efficiency.

MySQLisbetterforspeedandsimplicity,suitableforwebapplications;PostgreSQLexcelsincomplexdatascenarioswithrobustfeatures.MySQLisidealforquickprojectsandread-heavytasks,whilePostgreSQLispreferredforapplicationsrequiringstrictdataintegrityandadvancedSQLf

MySQL processes data replication through three modes: asynchronous, semi-synchronous and group replication. 1) Asynchronous replication performance is high but data may be lost. 2) Semi-synchronous replication improves data security but increases latency. 3) Group replication supports multi-master replication and failover, suitable for high availability requirements.

The EXPLAIN statement can be used to analyze and improve SQL query performance. 1. Execute the EXPLAIN statement to view the query plan. 2. Analyze the output results, pay attention to access type, index usage and JOIN order. 3. Create or adjust indexes based on the analysis results, optimize JOIN operations, and avoid full table scanning to improve query efficiency.

Using mysqldump for logical backup and MySQLEnterpriseBackup for hot backup are effective ways to back up MySQL databases. 1. Use mysqldump to back up the database: mysqldump-uroot-pmydatabase>mydatabase_backup.sql. 2. Use MySQLEnterpriseBackup for hot backup: mysqlbackup--user=root-password=password--backup-dir=/path/to/backupbackup. When recovering, use the corresponding life


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