What you don’t know about rpm

Introduction

RPM is the package management system of the centos series of Linux systems. Software can be quickly installed through rpm. It is one of the package management systems that is often used in study and work. Let's take a closer look at the use of rpm - things you don't know about rpm.

1. How to initialize the database using rpm?

Querying whether an rpm package is installed through the rpm command is also done through the rpm database; so we often use the following two commands to initialize the rpm database;

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm --initdb
[root@feiyu ~]# rpm --rebuilddb    注：这个要花好长时间；

Note: These two parameters are extremely useful. Sometimes there is a problem with the rpm system and it cannot be installed and queried. Most of the time there is a problem here.

2. Check the installed software on the system?

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qa |more

3. Query which software package an installed file belongs to?

Syntax: rpm -qf software name

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qf `which nmon`
nmon-14i-8.el6.x86_64

4. Check where the installed software packages are installed?

Syntax: rpm -ql software name

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -ql nmon
/usr/bin/nmon
/usr/share/doc/nmon-14i
/usr/share/doc/nmon-14i/Documentation.txt
/usr/share/man/man1/nmon.1.gz

5. How to query the information of an installed software package?

Syntax format: rpm -qi software name

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qi nmon

6, check the configuration file of the installed software

Syntax format: rpm -qc software name

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm  -qc vsftpd
/etc/logrotate.d/vsftpd
/etc/pam.d/vsftpd
/etc/vsftpd/ftpusers
/etc/vsftpd/user_list
/etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf

7, check the document installation location of an installed software:

Syntax format: rpm -qd software name

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm  -qd nmon
/usr/share/doc/nmon-14i/Documentation.txt
/usr/share/man/man1/nmon.1.gz

8, check the software packages and files that the installed software depends on;

Syntax format: rpm -qR software name

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm  -qR  nmon

Query the summary of installed software: For a software package that has been installed, we can combine a series of parameters; such as rpm -qil; such as

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm  -qil  nmon

9, for viewing uninstalled software packages:

View the purpose, version and other information of a software package;

Syntax: rpm -qpi file.rpm

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qpi glibc-2.15-60.el6.x86_64.rpm 

10, View the files contained in a software package;

Syntax: rpm -qpl file.rpm

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qpl glibc-2.15-60.el6.x86_64.rpm 

11, check the location of the software package documentation;

Syntax: rpm -qpd file.rpm

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qpd glibc-2.15-60.el6.x86_64.rpm 

12, View the configuration file of a software package;

Syntax: rpm -qpc file.rpm

[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qpc glibc-2.15-60.el6.x86_64.rpm 

13. Check the dependencies of a software package. This is the most practical command for uninstalled rpm

语法： rpm -qpR file.rpm
[root@feiyu ~]# rpm -qpR glibc-2.15-60.el6.x86_64.rpm

14, for the installation processing method of src.rpm package: The first type: compile into rpm package.

1，[root@feiyu ~]# rpm  -i vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.src.rpm
 
2，[root@feiyu ~]# cd  rpmbuild/SPECS/
     [root@feiyu SPECS]# ls -l
     total 24
     -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 21472 Feb 13  2013 vsftpd.spec
 
3，[root@feiyu SPECS]# rpmbuild -bb vsftpd.spec

At this time, in ../RPMS/ (depending on the specific package), there is a new rpm package in this directory, which is a compiled binary file. Execute: rpm -i new-package.rpm to complete the installation.

Second type: Compile into source code package

1.　[root@feiyu ~]# rpm  -i vsftpd-2.2.2-11.el6_3.1.src.rpm
 
2.　[root@feiyu ~]# cd  rpmbuild/SPECS/
 
3.　[root@feiyu SPECS]# rpmbuild -bp vsftpd.spec 
 
4.　[root@feiyu SPECS]# cd ../BUILD/vsftpd-2.2.2/ 
 
5.　[root@feiyu vsftpd-2.2.2]# ./configure   这一步和编译普通的源码软件一样，可以加上参数
 
6.　[root@feiyu vsftpd-2.2.2]# make
 
7.　[root@feiyu vsftpd-2.2.2]# make install

Attachment: Commonly used parameters of RPM commands

--initdb：初始化数据库
 
--rebuilddb：从已安装包的头信息中重建数据库的反转列表
 
-q：在系统中查询软件或查询指定rpm包的内容信息
 
-i：在系统中安装软件
 
-U：在系统中升级软件
 
-e：在系统中卸载软件
 
-h：用#(hash)符显示rpm安装过程
 
-v：详述安装过程
 
-c：列出所有配置文件
 
-d ：列出所有文档文件
 
-l：列出包内的所有文件
 
－ivh：安装显示安装进度--install--verbose--hash
 
－Uvh：升级软件包--Update；
 
－qf：查找指定文件属于哪个RPM软件包[Query File]；
 
-p：表明对RPM包进行查询，通常和其它参数同时使用，如：
 
-qlp：查询某个RPM包中的所有文件列表
 
-qip：查询某个RPM包的内容信息

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