使用整数数据的精确数字数据类型。
bigint
从 -2^63 (-9223372036854775808) 到 2^63-1 (9223372036854775807) 的整型数据(所有数字)。存储大小为 8 个字节。
int
从 -2^31 (-2,147,483,648) 到 2^31 - 1 (2,147,483,647) 的整型数据(所有数字)。存储大小为 4 个字节。int 的 SQL-92 同义字为 integer。
smallint
从 -2^15 (-32,768) 到 2^15 - 1 (32,767) 的整型数据。存储大小为 2 个字节。
tinyint
从 0 到 255 的整型数据。存储大小为 1 字节。
注释
在支持整数值的地方支持 bigint 数据类型。但是,bigint 用于某些特殊的情况,当整数值超过 int 数据类型支持的范围时,就可以采用 bigint。在 SQL Server 中,int 数据类型是主要的整数数据类型。
在数据类型优先次序表中,bigint 位于 smallmoney 和 int 之间。
只有当参数表达式是 bigint 数据类型时,函数才返回 bigint。SQL Server 不会自动将其它整数数据类型(tinyint、smallint 和 int)提升为 bigint。
在MySQL的数据类型中,Tinyint的取值范围是:带符号的范围是-128到127。无符号的范围是0到255(见官方《MySQL 5.1参考手册》http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.1/zh/column-types.html#numeric-types)。
Tinyint占用1字节的存储空间,即8位(bit)。那么Tinyint的取值范围怎么来的呢?我们先看无符号的情况。无符号的最小值即全部8位(bit)都为0,换算成十进制就是0,所以无符号的Tinyint的最小值为0.无符号的最大值即全部8bit都为1,11111111,换算成十进制就是255.这很好理解。
有符号的Tinyint的取值范围是怎么来的呢?在计算机中,用最高位表示符号。0表示正,1表示负,剩下的表示数值。那么有符号的8bit的最小值就是
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1=-127
表示负值
最大值:
0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1=+127
表示正值
怎么有符号的最小值是-127,而不是-128呢?这就是本文要说的关键地方了,在计算机中,表示负值是用补码(正码、反码、补码的概念见http://indian.blog.163.com/blog/static/1088158200610942745817/)
为什么有符号的TINYINT的最小值是-128?虽然“-0”也是“0”,但根据正、反、补码体系,“-0”的补码和“+0”是不同的,这样就出现两个补码代表一个数值的情况。为了将补码与数字一一对应,所以人为规定“0”一律用“+0”代表。同时为了充分利用资源,就将原来本应该表示“-0”的补码规定为代表-128

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