InnoDB和MyISAM是许多人在使用MySQL时最常用的两个表类型,这两个表类型各有优劣,视具体应用而定。基本的差别为:MyISAM类型不支持事务处理等高级处理,而InnoDB类型支持。MyISAM类型的表强调的是性能,其执行数度比InnoDB类型更快,但是不提供事务支持,而InnoDB提供事务支持已经外部键等高级数据库功能。
以下是一些细节和具体实现的差别:
◆1.InnoDB不支持FULLTEXT类型的索引。
◆2.InnoDB 中不保存表的具体行数,也就是说,执行select count(*) from table时,InnoDB要扫描一遍整个表来计算有多少行,但是MyISAM只要简单的读出保存好的行数即可。注意的是,当count(*)语句包含 where条件时,两种表的操作是一样的。
◆3.对于AUTO_INCREMENT类型的字段,InnoDB中必须包含只有该字段的索引,但是在MyISAM表中,可以和其他字段一起建立联合索引。
◆4.DELETE FROM table时,InnoDB不会重新建立表,而是一行一行的删除。
◆5.LOAD TABLE FROM MASTER操作对InnoDB是不起作用的,解决方法是首先把InnoDB表改成MyISAM表,导入数据后再改成InnoDB表,但是对于使用的额外的InnoDB特性(例如外键)的表不适用。
另外,InnoDB表的行锁也不是绝对的,假如在执行一个SQL语句时MySQL不能确定要扫描的范围,InnoDB表同样会锁全表,例如update table set num=1 where name like “%aaa%”
两种类型最主要的差别就是Innodb 支持事务处理与外键和行级锁.而MyISAM不支持.所以MyISAM往往就容易被人认为只适合在小项目中使用。
我作为使用MySQL的用户角度出发,Innodb和MyISAM都是比较喜欢的,但是从我目前运维的数据库平台要达到需求:99.9%的稳定性,方便的扩展性和高可用性来说的话,MyISAM绝对是我的首选。
原因如下:
1、首先我目前平台上承载的大部分项目是读多写少的项目,而MyISAM的读性能是比Innodb强不少的。
2、MyISAM的索引和数据是分开的,并且索引是有压缩的,内存使用率就对应提高了不少。能加载更多索引,而Innodb是索引和数据是紧密捆绑的,没有使用压缩从而会造成Innodb比MyISAM体积庞大不小。
3、从平台角度来说,经常隔1,2个月就会发生应用开发人员不小心update一个表where写的范围不对,导致这个表没法正常用了,这个时候MyISAM的优越性就体现出来了,随便从当天拷贝的压缩包取出对应表的文件,随便放到一个数据库目录下,然后dump成sql再导回到主库,并把对应的binlog补上。如果是Innodb,恐怕不可能有这么快速度,别和我说让Innodb定期用导出xxx.sql机制备份,因为我平台上最小的一个数据库实例的数据量基本都是几十G大小。
4、从我接触的应用逻辑来说,select count(*) 和order by 是最频繁的,大概能占了整个sql总语句的60%以上的操作,而这种操作Innodb其实也是会锁表的,很多人以为Innodb是行级锁,那个只是where对它主键是有效,非主键的都会锁全表的。
5、还有就是经常有很多应用部门需要我给他们定期某些表的数据,MyISAM的话很方便,只要发给他们对应那表的frm.MYD,MYI的文件,让他们自己在对应版本的数据库启动就行,而Innodb就需要导出xxx.sql了,因为光给别人文件,受字典数据文件的影响,对方是无法使用的。
6、如果和MyISAM比insert写操作的话,Innodb还达不到MyISAM的写性能,如果是针对基于索引的update操作,虽然MyISAM可能会逊色Innodb,但是那么高并发的写,从库能否追的上也是一个问题,还不如通过多实例分库分表架构来解决。
7、如果是用MyISAM的话,merge引擎可以大大加快应用部门的开发速度,他们只要对这个merge表做一些select count(*)操作,非常适合大项目总量约几亿的rows某一类型(如日志,调查统计)的业务表。
当然Innodb也不是绝对不用,用事务的项目如模拟炒股项目,我就是用Innodb的,活跃用户20多万时候,也是很轻松应付了,因此我个人也是很喜欢Innodb的,只是如果从数据库平台应用出发,我还是会首选MyISAM。
另外,可能有人会说你MyISAM无法抗太多写操作,但是我可以通过架构来弥补,说个我现有用的数据库平台容量:主从数据总量在几百T以上,每天十多亿 pv的动态页面,还有几个大项目是通过数据接口方式调用未算进pv总数,(其中包括一个大项目因为初期memcached没部署,导致单台数据库每天处理 9千万的查询)。而我的整体数据库服务器平均负载都在0.5-1左右。

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

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MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

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MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

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