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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL Cookbook第11章读书笔记

1,创建一个序列列兵生成序列值

使用auto_increment

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如果显式地把ID设置成一个非NULL的值,有两个结果:

a,这个值在表中出现,由于id列是主键,因而不允许重复,故会出现错误

b,这个值没有出现例如,你的表中id序列值为1到8,此时你插入一个新航,并设置为20,那么下一个自动产生的序列就会从21开始,而9-19的值变得不可用。

2,序列生成的行删除的效果

例如在insect表中:

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比如要求只能是昆虫,删除millipede,millbug,多余的蚂蚁

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删除2会给序列中间带来一个缺口,MySQL不会补充序列中的空洞,而删除7和8会删除序列顶端的值,这样的影响取决于所用的存储引擎:

a,对于BDB表,从当前表的最大值+1开始,例如你删除7和8后,下一次将入的行将被分配序列值7

b,对于MyISAM或者InnoDB表,序列值不会被重用,即使在删除之后,插入的从9开始.

另更改存储引擎alter table tbl_name engine =MyISAM

3,查询序列值

在插入含有序列值的新航之后,想知道序列值是多少

last_insert_ID()获取auto_increment,有些max()函数查询,这种方法是不可靠的,因为没有考虑到myslq的多线程的特性,解决方法是将insert和select合并为一个事务,但是mysql提供了last_insert_ID()能够更简洁地获取正确的id值。塔返回本次链接服务器之后,最新创建的auto_increment,而不会受其他客户端操作的影响。

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last_insert_id()只会返回基于服务器的每一个客户端连接,避免了不同用户之间的相互干扰。

使用python mysql api写的接口函数:

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4,对一个已有的序列进行重新计数

当插入含有auto_increment列的行,并且不删除时会是连续的序列,但是如果删除其中的行时就会产生空洞

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当你决定要进行再序列化,例如对insect表中的id列再序列化:

先删除:

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再插入id项并配置相关的属性:

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first关键字表示将该列设置为表中第一列,加入auto_increment,mysql会自动对所有行进行连续序列化。

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再次序列化成功!!!

当你只是在序列顶部数值删除了一些行时,不需要完全序列化,(BDB是自动处理的)对于MyISAM和InnoDB只需要

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使用auto_increment=n,能够指定序列起始值。

这使得MySQL把序列计算器重置为能够利用的最小值。

5,序列化一个未序列的表

例如有表:

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添加一个序列id:

alter table tadd id int not null auto_increment,add primary key (id)

即可将未序列的表序列化。

6,使用auto_increment 栏创建多重序列

把auto_increment列和其他列链接起来,使它们都是同一索引的一部分。

可以使用primary key设置多重主键:例如你需要确认一个快递,而邮件快递可能包含类型(如顺丰、韵达)、邮件发送的人,虽然可能邮件的类型相同,发送的人也可能相同,但是但考虑两者的时候,这个时候就需要创建多栏序列。以下是书中例子:

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7,使用auto_increment值将表进行关联

你把一张表里的序列值当作另外一张表的键值,这样你就可以把两张表中的行关联起来/

假设有一张invoice表记录了客户订单的货物清单,和一张inv_item表记录了每一个客户订单的包括的每一种货物。

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典型的使用方法是首先在主表中插入一行,然后使用last_insert_id()获取主表的ID

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