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In-depth analysis of the working principle and application of struts framework

WBOYOriginal: 2024-01-04 16:22:031386browse

Principles and Application Analysis of Struts Framework

Introduction:
In today's web development, using the MVC (Model-View-Controller) pattern has become a Standard development style. Struts, as an open source framework based on the MVC pattern, is widely used in Java Web projects. This article will introduce the working principle of the Struts framework, with detailed code examples to help readers understand how Struts is applied.

1. The working principle of the Struts framework

Controller
The controller module of Struts is responsible for processing user requests by ActionServlet. When a user request reaches the server, ActionServlet will forward the request to the corresponding Action class for processing according to the mapping rules of the configuration file (struts-config.xml). The main function of the controller is to select the appropriate Action class based on the user's request and pass the request parameters to the corresponding Action class.
Action class
The Action class is one of the core components in the Struts framework. It is responsible for processing user requests, processing business logic, and returning results. The Action class needs to inherit from the Action class or implement the Action interface, and then implement its execute() method. When executing the execute() method, you can obtain the request parameters and session information, execute the corresponding business logic, and store the results in the properties of the Action class.
View
The view layer is responsible for displaying the results of Action class processing to the user. The Struts framework provides a variety of view display technologies, such as JSP (Java Server Pages), Velocity, etc. The view layer usually interacts with the Action class, obtains the data stored in the Action class, and displays it on the user interface.

2. Application examples of Struts framework
In order to better understand the application of Struts framework, a simple example will be given below. Suppose we want to develop a user registration function that contains fields such as name, age, and email address.

Create Action class
First, we need to create an Action class that handles registration requests, as shown below:

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class RegisterAction extends ActionSupport {
    private String name;
    private int age;
    private String email;

    // 通过getter和setter方法设置Action类的属性

    public String execute() {
        // 在这里进行用户注册的逻辑处理
        return SUCCESS;
    }
}

In the above code, RegisterAction inherits from ActionSupport class and defines each property through getter and setter methods.

Configuring the struts-config.xml file
Next, we need to make relevant configurations in the struts-config.xml file to map user requests to the Action class, as shown below:

<struts-config>
    <form-beans>
        <form-bean name="registerForm" type="com.example.RegisterActionForm"/>
    </form-beans>
    <action-mappings>
        <action path="/register" type="com.example.RegisterAction" name="registerForm">
            <forward name="success" path="/success.jsp"/>
        </action>
    </action-mappings>
</struts-config>

In the above code, the form class used by the Action class is configured through the form-beans tag, and then the action-mappings tag is used to map the user request "/register" to the RegisterAction class, and specifies Jump path after success.

Create a view page
Finally, we need to create a view page to display the registration results, as shown below:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>注册结果</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>注册成功！</h1>
</body>
</html>

This is a simple HTML Page, used to display information about successful user registration.

Through the above steps, we have completed a user registration function based on the Struts framework.

Conclusion:
The Struts framework separates user requests, business logic processing and page display through the MVC pattern, making the development of Web applications more flexible and easier to maintain. This article introduces the working principle of the Struts framework and demonstrates the specific application of the Struts framework through a simple example. Readers can flexibly use the Struts framework according to their own needs to improve the development efficiency and quality of Web applications.

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