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Learn the basics of Spring MVC: Master this popular framework from scratch

PHPzOriginal: 2023-12-29 17:41:56913browse

Spring MVC入门指南：从零开始学习这个流行的框架

Spring MVC Getting Started Guide: Learn this popular framework from scratch, specific code examples are required

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet and Web applications With the increasing popularity of web applications, building efficient and scalable web applications has become a focus of developers. The Spring MVC framework, as one of the most popular web application frameworks in Java development, has the advantages of flexibility, modularity and testability, and is widely used in many projects. This article will provide you with an introductory guide to Spring MVC, learn this popular framework from scratch, and provide specific code examples.

Environment setup and configuration:
First, we need to set up the development environment of the Spring MVC framework. You can use IDE tools, such as Eclipse or IntelliJ IDEA, to import Spring MVC projects for development. In addition, you also need to configure related dependencies, such as Maven or Gradle, to introduce the library files required by the Spring MVC framework.
Create and configure a Spring MVC project:
Next, let us start creating a simple Spring MVC project and make the necessary configurations.

2.1 Create a project:
In the IDE, select New Project, select the Spring MVC project template, and fill in relevant information, such as project name and package name.

2.2 Configure web.xml:
Find the web.xml file in the project's WebContent/WEB-INF directory, and configure the core controller of Spring MVC - DispatcherServlet. Add the following code in web.xml:

<servlet>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>/WEB-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>

<servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>

In the above configuration, we specified the location of the DispatcherServlet configuration file spring-mvc.xml, and mapped the DispatcherServlet to the root path "/".

Create Controller and View:
In the Spring MVC framework, the Controller is responsible for processing user requests and returning the processing results to the view for display. Next, we create a simple Controller and write the corresponding processing logic and views.

3.1 Create the Controller class:
Create a Java class named HelloController in the src directory, and add the @Controller annotation and @RequestMapping annotation, as shown below:

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hello")
public class HelloController {

    @RequestMapping("/greeting")
    public String greeting(Model model) {
        model.addAttribute("message", "Hello, Spring MVC!");
        return "greeting";
    }
}

In the above code, we use the @Controller annotation to mark this class as a Controller, and use the @RequestMapping annotation to specify the Controller's request path as "/hello". In the greeting method, we pass a message to the view named "greeting" through the Model object.

3.2 Create a view:
Create a JSP page named greeting.jsp in the WEB-INF directory to display messages passed by the Controller. In greeting.jsp, we can use the JSTL tag library and EL expressions to display messages, as shown below:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <title>Greeting</title>
</head>
<body>
    <h1>${message}</h1>
</body>
</html>

In the above code, we use the EL expression ${message} to obtain the Controller delivery message and display it on the page.

Compile, deploy and run:
Now, we have completed the creation and configuration of a simple Spring MVC project. Next, let us compile, deploy and run this project.

4.1 Compile and build the project:
In the IDE, select the project, right-click to select the Build or Rebuild option, compile the source code of the project, and generate the corresponding build output according to the project configuration information.

4.2 Deploy the project:
Deploy the compiled project to a web server, such as Tomcat or Jetty.

4.3 Run the project:
After the Web server is started, enter "http://localhost:8080/d6524aeb8e16a74dc35ff14ea7282e0e/hello/greeting" in the browser to view us Messages passed to the view in the Controller.

Conclusion:
This article provides you with a guide to getting started with Spring MVC by creating a simple Spring MVC project and providing specific code examples. I hope this article can help you learn this popular framework from scratch and provide a reference for your future web application development work. Through continuous practice and in-depth learning, you will be able to use Spring MVC more proficiently and improve your development efficiency and web application performance through its powerful functions. I wish you success in your journey of learning Spring MVC!

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