MySQL系统变量(system variables)实际上是一些系统参数,用于初始化或设定数据库对系统资源的占用,文件存放位置等等。这些个系统变量可以分为全局以及会话级别层面来修改,有些也可以进行动态修改。本文主要介绍了系统变量的一些概念以及如何设置查看这些系统变量。
1、什么是系统变量
对于有关涉及到size的设置值,可以使用后缀K、M或G分别表示千字节、兆字节或gigabytes,不区分大小写。
--当前的版本 mysql> show variables like 'version%'; +-------------------------+------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +-------------------------+------------------------------+ | version | 5.5.37 | | version_comment | MySQL Community Server (GPL) | | version_compile_machine | x86_64 | | version_compile_os | Linux | +-------------------------+------------------------------+ --获取有关set的帮助 mysql> help set Name: 'SET' Description: Syntax: SET variable_assignment [, variable_assignment] ... variable_assignment: user_var_name = expr | [GLOBAL | SESSION] system_var_name = expr | [@@global. | @@session. | @@]system_var_name = expr --查看全部系统变量 root@localhost[tempdb]> show variables; --该命令会输出当前系统全部系统变量 --查看sort_buffer mysql> show variables like 'sort_buffer%'; +------------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+---------+ | sort_buffer_size | 2097152 | +------------------+---------+ --在省略global与session关键字的情形下为session级别 mysql> set sort_buffer_size=1024*1024*4; --设置为4M mysql> show variables like 'sort_buffer%'; +------------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+---------+ | sort_buffer_size | 4194304 | +------------------+---------+ --恢复到缺省值 mysql> set sort_buffer_size=default; mysql> show variables like 'sort_buffer%'; +------------------+---------+ | Variable_name | Value | +------------------+---------+ | sort_buffer_size | 2097152 | +------------------+---------+ 3、全局与会话级别设置示例
--如何设置隔离级别 mysql> help isolation Name: 'ISOLATION' Description: Syntax: SET [GLOBAL | SESSION] TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL { REPEATABLE READ | READ COMMITTED | READ UNCOMMITTED | SERIALIZABLE } --下面我们通过演示隔离级别来设置全局与session级别变量 --查看当前session级别的隔离方式 root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%isolation%'; +---------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------------+ | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | +---------------+-----------------+ --修改当前session级别的隔离方式为READ-COMMITTED root@localhost[(none)]> set session transaction isolation level read committed; root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%isolation%'; +---------------+----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------------+ | tx_isolation | READ-COMMITTED | +---------------+----------------+ --另外的一个session , 登录用户为fred --当前sessioin级别继承全局隔离级别为REPEATABLE-READ fred@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%isolation%'; +---------------+-----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-----------------+ | tx_isolation | REPEATABLE-READ | +---------------+-----------------+ --在root会话中设置全局隔离级别为serializable root@localhost[(none)]> set global transaction isolation level serializable; --注意,在root会话中 session级别还是为READ-COMMITTED root@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%isolation%'; +---------------+----------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+----------------+ | tx_isolation | READ-COMMITTED | +---------------+----------------+ --在root会话中我可以看到全局的值已经变为SERIALIZABLE root@localhost[(none)]> show global variables like '%isolation%'; +---------------+--------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------------+ | tx_isolation | SERIALIZABLE | +---------------+--------------+ --在fred中全局的也变成了SERIALIZABLE fred@localhost[(none)]> show global variables like '%isolation%'; +---------------+--------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------------+ | tx_isolation | SERIALIZABLE | +---------------+--------------+ --从上面的演示来说,无论global级别如何设置,不会影响到当前session级别的设置 --下面我们使用一个新用户登录来看看全局设置是否影响新会话 robin@SZDB:~> mysql -urobin --如下查询新会话的隔离级别等于全局的隔离级别 robin@localhost[(none)]> show variables like '%isolation%'; +---------------+--------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------+--------------+ | tx_isolation | SERIALIZABLE | +---------------+--------------+ 4、如何获取变量值
除了通过前面演示的使用show global|session variables like 'vari_name'方式之外,我们可以通过查询 information_schema数据中特定的表来获得这些变量的值。 通过查询数据information_schema的表global_variables root@localhost[information_schema]> select variable_value from global_variables where -> variable_name='tx_isolation'; +----------------+ | variable_value | +----------------+ | SERIALIZABLE | +----------------+ --Author: Leshami --Blog : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami root@localhost[information_schema]> select @@global.tx_isolation; +-----------------------+ | @@global.tx_isolation | +-----------------------+ | SERIALIZABLE | +-----------------------+ root@localhost[information_schema]> select @@session.tx_isolation; +------------------------+ | @@session.tx_isolation | +------------------------+ | READ-COMMITTED | +------------------------+ --下面查询session_variables结果与查询global_variables获得的值相同,究其原因还在进一步研究中 root@localhost[information_schema]> select * from session_variables where variable_name='tx_isolation'; +---------------+----------------+ | VARIABLE_NAME | VARIABLE_VALUE | +---------------+----------------+ | TX_ISOLATION | SERIALIZABLE | +---------------+----------------+
5、总结
b、检索设置
c、其他注意事项

InnoDBBufferPool reduces disk I/O by caching data and indexing pages, improving database performance. Its working principle includes: 1. Data reading: Read data from BufferPool; 2. Data writing: After modifying the data, write to BufferPool and refresh it to disk regularly; 3. Cache management: Use the LRU algorithm to manage cache pages; 4. Reading mechanism: Load adjacent data pages in advance. By sizing the BufferPool and using multiple instances, database performance can be optimized.

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

MySQL is worth learning because it is a powerful open source database management system suitable for data storage, management and analysis. 1) MySQL is a relational database that uses SQL to operate data and is suitable for structured data management. 2) The SQL language is the key to interacting with MySQL and supports CRUD operations. 3) The working principle of MySQL includes client/server architecture, storage engine and query optimizer. 4) Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, and advanced usage involves joining tables using JOIN. 5) Common errors include syntax errors and permission issues, and debugging skills include checking syntax and using EXPLAIN commands. 6) Performance optimization involves the use of indexes, optimization of SQL statements and regular maintenance of databases.

MySQL is suitable for beginners to learn database skills. 1. Install MySQL server and client tools. 2. Understand basic SQL queries, such as SELECT. 3. Master data operations: create tables, insert, update, and delete data. 4. Learn advanced skills: subquery and window functions. 5. Debugging and optimization: Check syntax, use indexes, avoid SELECT*, and use LIMIT.

MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in Web development. Its key features include: 1. Supports multiple storage engines, such as InnoDB and MyISAM, suitable for different scenarios; 2. Provides master-slave replication functions to facilitate load balancing and data backup; 3. Improve query efficiency through query optimization and index use.

SQL is used to interact with MySQL database to realize data addition, deletion, modification, inspection and database design. 1) SQL performs data operations through SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE statements; 2) Use CREATE, ALTER, DROP statements for database design and management; 3) Complex queries and data analysis are implemented through SQL to improve business decision-making efficiency.

The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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