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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial使用Python创建MySQL数据库实现字段动态增加以及动态的插入数据_MySQL

应用场景:

我们需要设计一个数据库来保存多个文档中每个文档的关键字。假如我们每个文档字符都超过了1000,取其中出现频率最大的为我们的关键字。

假设每个文档的关键字都超过了300,每一个文件的0-299号存储的是我们的关键字。那我们要建这样一个数据库,手动输入这样的一个表是不现实的,我们只有通过程序来帮我实现这个重复枯燥的操作。

具体的示意图如下所示:

首先图1是我们的原始表格:

\

图1

这个时候我们需要程序来帮我们完成自动字段的创建和数据的插入。

\

图2

上图是我们整个表的概况。下面我们就用程序来总结出这样的一个表格是怎么实现的。

'''
function description : Add the fields and data dynamicly.

data : 2014-08-04

author : Chicho

running : python addfileds.py

'''

import MySQLdb
#connect the database
#the argvs based on the database you set.
#Generally speaking, you should change the No. of the port 3306 , because it's easy to be  attack
#localhost = 127.0.0.1
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = 'localhost', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '*****')
curs = conn.cursor()

# create a database named addtest
#Ensure the program can run multiple times,we should use try...exception
try:
    curs.execute('create database addtest')
except:
    print 'Database addtest exists!'

conn.select_db('addtest')

# create a table named addfields
try:
    curs.execute('create table addfields(id int PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,name text)')
except:
    print('The table addfields exists!')


# add the fileds
try:
    for i in range(1):
        sql = "alter table addfields add key%s text" %i
        curs.execute(sql)
except Exception,e:
    print e


for i in range(4): #insert 5 lines
    sql = "insert into addfields set id=%s" %i
    curs.execute(sql)
    sql = "update addfields set name = 'hello%s' where id= %s"%(i,i)
    curs.execute(sql)
    for j in range(5):
        sql = "update addfields set key%s = 'world%s%s' where id=%s"%(j,i,j,i)
        curs.execute(sql)

#this is very important
conn.commit()
curs.close()
conn.close()

记住最后一定要记得最后三行这个语句,否则你的操作不会写入到数据库中。

最后就可以得到我们的结果,如下图所示:

\

程序的大体实现就是这样。

彩蛋:

1.操作数据库出现的一些错误总结

如果你长时间为队数据库进行操作,再次进行操作的时候可能会出现以下错误:

raise errorclass, errorvalue
OperationalError: (2006, 'MySQL server has gone away')

这个时候对于MySQL server 你要做的就是执行一下下面这个命令

connect your_database

对于在python中的IDLE你需要执行:

conn = MySQLdb.connect(host = 'localhost', port = 3306, user = 'root', passwd = '****')
curs = conn.cursor()
conn.select_db('addtest')

密码输入你自己数据库中设置的。

2.UnicodeEncodeError: 'latin-1' codec can't encode characters in position

出现上述这个错误的时候可以采用下面这个方法就可以解决。

 conn.set_character_set('utf8')
    curs.execute('set names utf8')
    curs.execute('SET CHARACTER SET utf8;')
    curs.execute('SET character_set_connection=utf8;')

conn,curs和本文中参数设置是一样的。     

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