How to optimize Go language Websocket application performance

WebSocket has become a very popular protocol in modern real-time web application development. When writing applications using WebSocket, we need to consider its performance optimization to ensure that our application can respond to client requests quickly and accurately. In this article, we discuss how to optimize the performance of Go WebSocket applications and provide concrete code examples.

1. Use the correct WebSocket library

The Go language has several popular WebSocket libraries to choose from, such as Gorilla WebSocket, Gobwas WebSocket and Fasthttp WebSocket. Among them, the Gorilla WebSocket library is one of the most widely used libraries and it provides more features than other libraries. When choosing a WebSocket library, you should consider its performance, functionality, and ease of use.

In this article, we will use the Gorilla WebSocket library to demonstrate.

2. Reasonable use of WebSocket connections

When designing WebSocket applications, we should avoid unnecessary connections as much as possible. Each WebSocket connection consumes server resources, so if an operation that could have been completed through one connection results in multiple connections because the connection is not planned, the server will be overloaded. It is recommended that you create connections when needed and use long-lived connections as often as possible to avoid the burden of establishing new connections.

Let's look at a sample code to create a WebSocket connection using the Gorilla WebSocket library:

package main

import (
    "log"
    "net/http"

    "github.com/gorilla/websocket"
)

var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
    ReadBufferSize:  1024,
    WriteBufferSize: 1024,
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebSocket)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Println(err)
        return
    }
    defer conn.Close()

    // use the websocket connection here
}

In the above sample code, we created a handleWebSocket function to handle the WebSocket connection. In this function, we use the upgrader.Upgrade() function to upgrade the HTTP connection to a WebSocket connection. Note that the defer conn.Close() function is used here to ensure that the WebSocket connection is closed at the end of the function.

3. Properly configure WebSocket

When the number of connections reaches a certain level, the load balancing of WebSocket configuration is very important. For servers, WebSocket has two configuration parameters that are particularly important: ReadBufferSize and WriteBufferSize. These two parameters control the size of the read buffer and write buffer of the WebSocket connection. A buffer that is too large may affect connection performance, while a buffer that is too small may increase the number of additional data transfers.

When using the Gorilla WebSocket library, we can change the size of the buffer by:

var upgrader = websocket.Upgrader{
    ReadBufferSize:  1024,
    WriteBufferSize: 1024,
}

In the above example code, we set the size of ReadBufferSize and WriteBufferSize to 1024 bytes. Please set the appropriate size according to actual needs.

4. Using Concurrency Processing

WebSocket applications need to support a large number of concurrent connections, so they need to use goroutine to handle each connection. You can use the goroutine mechanism provided by the Go language's standard library to handle multiple WebSocket connections. Just pass the created WebSocket connections to the goroutines and they will handle each connection easily.

The following is a sample code that uses concurrent processing of WebSocket connections:

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebSocket)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Println(err)
        return
    }

    go func(conn *websocket.Conn) {
        for {
            _, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
            if err != nil {
                log.Println(err)
                return
            }

            log.Printf("received message: %s", message)
            // handle the message here
        }
    }(conn)
}

In the above sample code, we use goroutine to handle each WebSocket connection. In each goroutine, we receive WebSocket messages using the conn.ReadMessage() function. We can then process messages in each goroutine.

5. Use memory efficiently

In each WebSocket connection, the buffer created consumes a large amount of memory. So we need to ensure maximum memory utilization. Here are a few suggestions:

• Cache messages to be sent and avoid frequent memory allocation when writing.
• Use regular garbage collection mechanism to avoid memory leaks caused by unreferenced pointers.
• Avoid creating large objects or calling poor-performing libraries or functions in WebSocket message processing.

For example, the following example demonstrates how to cache messages and clean the cache periodically:

type Connection struct {
    conn    *websocket.Conn
    send    chan []byte
}

func (c *Connection) read() {
    for {
        _, _, err := c.conn.ReadMessage()
        if err != nil {
            break
        }
    }
    c.conn.Close()
}

func (c *Connection) write() {
    ticker := time.NewTicker(10 * time.Second)
    defer func() {
        ticker.Stop()
        c.conn.Close()
    }()

    var messages [][]byte
    for {
        select {
        case message, ok := <-c.send:
            if !ok {
                c.conn.WriteMessage(websocket.CloseMessage, []byte{})
                return
            }
            messages = append(messages, message)

        case <-ticker.C:
            if err := c.conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, bytes.Join(messages, []byte{})); err != nil {
                return
            }
            messages = nil
        }
    }
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebSocket)
    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Println(err)
        return
    }
    connection := &Connection{conn: conn, send: make(chan []byte, 256)}
    go connection.write()
    go connection.read()

    // use the connection here
}

In the above sample code, we created a Connection structure that contains conn and send Two fields. The send field is a channel with a buffer into which all messages are buffered. We then use the ticker to periodically clear and send messages.

Summary:

To optimize the performance of WebSocket applications in Go language, you need to consider the following aspects:

• Use the correct WebSocket library
• Reasonable use of WebSocket connection
• Reasonable configuration of WebSocket
• Use concurrent processing
• Efficient use of memory

The above is to optimize the performance of Go language WebSocket applications Several of the most effective methods. Although the sample code in this article is not comprehensive, you should follow the above recommendations to improve application performance as you develop WebSocket applications.

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