Backend DevelopmentGolangIntegration of golang WebSocket and browser: achieving instant communicationIntegration of golang WebSocket and browser: achieving instant communication
Golang is an efficient, simple, and easy-to-learn programming language, and WebSocket is an important technology for instant communication. This article will introduce how to integrate WebSocket in Golang and implement instant communication with the browser.
1. Introduction
In Web application development, real-time communication is a very important functional requirement. The previous HTTP protocol was a stateless protocol and could not achieve real-time communication. As a result, WebSocket came into being. WebSocket is a TCP-based protocol that provides a full-duplex communication channel that enables real-time communication between the client and the server.
Golang, as a powerful back-end language, has very good support for WebSocket. With Golang's concurrency features and concise syntax, we can easily implement instant communication between WebSocket and the browser.
2. WebSocket in Golang
First, we need to use Golang’s net/http package to create a server. The following is a simple sample code:
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
)
func wsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// 在这里处理WebSocket的逻辑
}
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", wsHandler)
err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal("ListenAndServe: ", err)
}
}In the above code, we first define a wsHandler function that handles WebSocket requests, and then use http.HandleFunc to Register to the root path. Finally, we use the http.ListenAndServe function to listen to the server on port 8080.
Next, we need to handle the WebSocket logic in the wsHandler function. Golang's net/http package provides an Upgrade function for upgrading HTTP requests to WebSocket connections. We can use the Upgrade function to upgrade the HTTP connection to a WebSocket connection.
func wsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
defer conn.Close()
for {
// 在这里处理WebSocket的消息
}
}In the above code, we first call the upgrader.Upgrade function to upgrade the HTTP connection to a WebSocket connection. We then interact with the browser through the conn object. With the conn object, we can use the WriteMessage function to send messages to the browser, and use the ReadMessage function to receive messages sent by the browser.
3. WebSocket on the browser side
In order to demonstrate the WebSocket communication between Golang and the browser, we need a simple front-end page. The following is a sample code for a WebSocket client implemented in JavaScript:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>WebSocket Demo</title>
<script>
var ws = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/");
ws.onopen = function() {
// 连接建立后的逻辑
};
ws.onmessage = function(evt) {
// 接收到消息后的逻辑
};
ws.onclose = function() {
// 连接关闭后的逻辑
};
function sendMessage() {
var message = document.getElementById("message").value;
ws.send(message);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<input id="message" type="text" />
<button onclick="sendMessage()">发送消息</button>
</body>
</html>In the above code, we first create a WebSocket object and specify the address of the server. In the ws.onopen function, we can implement the logic after the connection is established; in the ws.onmessage function, we can implement the logic after receiving the message; in ws In the .onclose function, we can implement the logic after the connection is closed. In addition, we also provide a sendMessage function for sending messages entered by the user to the server.
4. Implement instant messaging
With the basic server and client code, we can start to implement the instant messaging function. Here is a simple example that demonstrates broadcasting a message to other connected clients on the server side after entering it in the browser:
func wsHandler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
return
}
defer conn.Close()
for {
// 接收消息
messageType, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
break
}
log.Printf("Received message: %s", message)
// 广播消息
for c := range connections {
err := c.WriteMessage(messageType, message)
if err != nil {
log.Println(err)
}
}
}
} In the above code, we first use conn.ReadMessageFunction receives the message sent by the browser. Then, we loop through all connected clients and broadcast the message using the c.WriteMessage function.
5. Summary
This article introduces how to use Golang to integrate WebSocket and implement instant messaging functions in the browser. We first introduced Golang's net/http package and created a simple server. We then use the Upgrade function provided by the net/http package to upgrade the HTTP request to a WebSocket connection. Finally, we use JavaScript to create a WebSocket object in the browser and implement the logic of establishing a connection, receiving messages, and sending messages.
I hope this article can help you understand how to implement instant communication with the browser in Golang. If you are interested in this, you can try more advanced WebSocket features, such as message authentication, message compression, etc. Good luck on your journey of exploring Golang and WebSocket!
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