PHP 8.3 released: new features at a glance

PHP 8.3 Release: List of New Features

As technology continues to develop and needs change, programming languages ​​are constantly updated and improved. As a scripting language widely used in web development, PHP has been constantly improving to provide developers with more powerful and efficient tools. The recently released PHP 8.3 version brings many long-awaited new features and improvements, let’s take a look at an overview of these new features.

1. Initialization of non-null properties

In past versions of PHP, if a class property was not explicitly assigned a value, its value would be set to NULL by default. However, in PHP 8.3, it is possible to guarantee non-nullability of a property by using a non-null type prompt and a default value when declaring the property. This can reduce the judgment of whether the attribute is empty during the coding process and increase the readability and security of the code.

For example, you can now declare a non-null property like this:

class User {
    public string $name = '';
}

2. Enumeration type

With the popularity and application of object-oriented programming, enumeration Elevated types have become a common feature in many programming languages. PHP 8.3 introduces new enumeration types that enable developers to define a set of related constants and limit the value range of variables. This will greatly improve the readability and maintainability of your code.

Defining an enumeration type is very simple:

enum Color {
    case RED;
    case GREEN;
    case BLUE;
}

Then, you can use the variable by directly referencing the enumeration value, such as:

$color = Color::RED;

3. No conditional statement is required match expressions

Traditional conditional statements are common during coding, but they can make code lengthy and difficult to read. PHP 8.3 introduces match expressions, a more concise and readable conditional statement. It is similar to the switch statement, but more concise than the switch statement.

For example, we can use match expressions like this:

$result = match($value) {
    1 => 'one',
    2 => 'two',
    default => 'other',
};

4. Parameter validation when creating objects

In past PHP versions, we usually Parameters passed to the object need to be verified manually in the constructor or factory function. PHP 8.3 introduces the new property weak typing feature, which allows us to validate parameters before the object is created. This will reduce redundant code and improve code maintainability.

For example, you can now declare a constructor like this:

class User {
    public function __construct(
        public int $id,
        public string $name,
        public ?string $email = null,
    ) {
        if ($id <= 0) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException('Invalid user ID');
        }

        // 其他参数验证逻辑
    }
}

When creating a User object, the constructor will automatically verify the parameters passed in.

Summary:

PHP 8.3 version brings many exciting new features, such as initialization of non-null properties, enumeration types, match expressions without conditional statements and when creating objects Parameter verification. These features not only make code cleaner and more readable, they also provide more powerful tools that enable developers to build and maintain applications more efficiently. Whether you are a newbie or an experienced PHP developer, it is worth trying and mastering these new features to improve your development efficiency and code quality.

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