Python Development Notes: Avoid Common Security Vulnerabilities and Attacks

As a widely used programming language, Python has been widely used in a large number of software development projects. However, due to its widespread use, some developers may overlook some common security considerations, resulting in software systems being vulnerable to attacks and security holes. Therefore, it is crucial to avoid common security vulnerabilities and attacks during Python development. This article will introduce some security issues that need to be paid attention to during Python development and how to prevent these issues.

First of all, some common security vulnerabilities and attack types include: injection attacks, cross-site scripting attacks (XSS), cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attacks, sensitive data leakage, etc. These vulnerabilities and attacks are described in detail below and corresponding solutions are provided.

First, injection attacks refer to hackers taking advantage of vulnerabilities in applications to inject malicious code into the database, thereby achieving the purpose of controlling the database. One way to prevent injection attacks is to use parameterized queries or prepared statements instead of directly splicing user-entered data into SQL queries.

For example, instead of executing a SQL query using:

query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = '" + username + "' AND password = '" + password + "'"

Instead, use a parameterized query:

query = "SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = %s AND password = %s"
cursor.execute(query, (username, password))

Second, cross-site scripting attacks (XSS) refer to hackers By inserting malicious script code into the application, it can obtain the user's sensitive information or control the user's browser. To prevent XSS attacks, user input data should be properly filtered and escaped, such as using HTML escaping functions or security frameworks.

from markupsafe import escape

username = escape(request.form['username'])

Third, cross-site request forgery (CSRF) attack means that hackers achieve the purpose of attack by forging requests from legitimate users. In order to prevent CSRF attacks, CSRF tokens can be used to verify whether the user's request is legitimate. This can be achieved by adding a hidden CSRF token field to every form and validating it on the server side.

from flask_wtf.csrf import CSRFProtect

app = Flask(__name__)
csrf = CSRFProtect(app)

@app.route('/delete', methods=['POST'])
@csrf.exempt
def delete():
    # 删除操作

Fourth, sensitive data leakage refers to hackers obtaining unauthorized access to sensitive data stored in databases or other storage locations. In order to prevent the leakage of sensitive data, secure storage methods should be used, such as using hashing algorithms to store passwords, encrypting sensitive data, etc.

from passlib.hash import pbkdf2_sha256

hashed_password = pbkdf2_sha256.hash(password)

In addition to the common security vulnerabilities and attacks mentioned above, there are other security issues that need attention, such as file upload vulnerabilities, session management issues, etc. To avoid these problems, developers should use a secure file upload library, perform appropriate validation and filtering of uploaded files, and ensure that session management is implemented correctly, such as using randomly generated session IDs, setting appropriate session expiration times, etc.

To sum up, security precautions during Python development are crucial. By understanding and following best practices, developers can protect the security of their software systems by avoiding some common security vulnerabilities and attacks.

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