Laravel development notes: Proper use of ORM and query builder

Laravel development is one of the very popular PHP frameworks currently. It provides rich functions and tools to enable developers to build high-quality web applications more efficiently. Among them, ORM (Object Relational Mapping) and query builder are important database interaction tools in Laravel. This article will introduce some considerations about using ORMs and query builders to help developers make better use of them.

ORM (Object Relational Mapping) is a technology that maps data in a database into objects. It establishes a corresponding relationship between database tables and entity classes, and performs addition, deletion, modification, and query operations in the database by operating objects. In Laravel, Eloquent ORM is the default ORM tool used.

First of all, proper design and use of database models is the key to using ORM. A good database model should be able to accurately reflect the relationships between database tables, and be able to be easily queried and operated. When designing a database model, you need to consider the relationship between tables and use foreign keys to establish relationships so that you can perform related queries through the convenient methods provided by Eloquent.

Secondly, use the query method provided by Eloquent appropriately. Eloquent provides a wealth of query methods that can meet most development needs. When using query methods, you should choose an appropriate method to improve query efficiency. For example, use the where method to perform conditional filtering. In the where method, you can use chain calls through and and or. Concatenate multiple conditions. In addition, Eloquent also provides like, in, between and other methods to support more flexible conditional queries.

In addition, pay attention to using the Eager Loading function provided by Eloquent. Preloading refers to loading related data together in one query to reduce the number of database queries and improve performance. In Eloquent, preloading can be achieved through the with method. You only need to pass the associated relationship. Reasonable use of preloading is very important for performance optimization.

In addition to using ORM, Laravel also provides a powerful tool called query builder, which can easily build and execute complex database query statements. The query builder uses chain calls to build query statements and is very flexible to use.

When using the query builder, first be careful not to use too many native SQL statements. Although Laravel's query builder allows the use of native SQL statements, excessive use of native SQL statements will reduce the readability and maintainability of the code. Therefore, when using the query builder, you should try to use the methods it provides to build queries and avoid directly splicing native SQL statements.

In addition, attention needs to be paid to avoid N 1 query problems. The N 1 query problem means that when querying related data, a related query needs to be performed for each piece of master data, which will lead to too many database queries and degraded performance. To avoid the N 1 query problem, when using the query builder, you can reduce the number of queries by using the with method in conjunction with the select method.

Finally, you need to pay attention to security issues. When using ORMs and query builders, you should always take care to prevent SQL injection attacks. Laravel provides some methods to protect programs from SQL injection attacks. For example, you can use the parameter binding function of the where method to bind parameters to the query, and Laravel will automatically filter the parameters safely.

In short, using ORM and query builder is a very important part of Laravel development. Properly designing the database model, rationally using the query methods and preloading functions provided by ORM, avoiding excessive use of native SQL statements, and paying attention to preventing SQL injection attacks can all improve development efficiency and code quality. I hope the considerations provided in this article can be helpful to Laravel developers.

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