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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL安全输入密码的一些操作介绍_MySQL

当我们运行mysql客户端连接mysql服务器的时候,以一种暴露的可被其他用户发现的方式指定我们的密码是不妥的。我们输入密码的方式有四种,其中每一种都有一定风险。下面就分别说下这四种方式:

MySQL密码输入的安全操作(翻译)

第一种:直接在命令行后使用  -pyour_pass 或者r --password=your_pass 这两种选项。

举例:

shell> mysql -u ksharpdabu -pksharppassword  db_name

这种方式很方便,但是不安全,因为在某些系统里,通过这种方式输入的密码对于一些系统状态程序,比如ps命令变得可见,可以让其他用户调用来显示你的命令。一般mysql客户端通常会在初始化序列期间用零覆盖命令行参数,但是仍然有一个短暂间隔时间内参数值可见的。

比如,你使用shell> mysql -u ksharpdabu -pksharppassword    db_name &

将命令挂起,用shell >ps –f  命令产看,就会发现结果如下:

[root@EVA ~]# ps -f

UID    PID PPID C STIME TTY     TIME CMD

root   11594 11591 0 19:54 pts/0  00:00:00 -bash

root   11614 11594 0 19:54 pts/0  00:00:00 mysql –uksharpdabu  -px xxxxx

root   11616 11594 0 19:54 pts/0  00:00:00 ps -f

密码参数值变成了星号,不可见,但是,如果你kill的时候,还是能看到你的密码参数值。

第二种:使用一个 -p 或者 --password 选项(后面不指定密码),在这种情况下,客户端程序请求来自终端的密码:

shell>mysql -u ksharp -p da_name

Enter password:*********

因为它对其他用户不可见,与在命令行指定相比,这样登陆mysql服务器会更加安全。但是,这个只能用于交互式运行程序,我们大部分情况下都是非交互的运行一个脚本调用客户端,就不能使用这种方法了。在某些系统中,甚至会发现脚本的第一行被错误地读并解释为我们的mysql登陆密码。

第三种:在一个配置文件中存储你的密码,例如,在Unix中,可以在主目录的“.my.cnf”文件中[client]节列出你的密码。

举例:

[client]

password=your_pass

当然,如果你在“.my.cnf”里存储了密码,就一定要保管好这个文件,除了自己本人,绝不能让其他人能访问该文件。保证文件的访问模式是:400或600。

使用如下命令:

shell>chmod 600 .my.cnf

附上在Unix中,MySQL程序读取启动选项的文件列表:

20157194656707.jpg (624×199)

MYSQL_HOME是一个环境变量,包含服务器相关的my.cnf文件驻留的目录路径。

如果未设置MYSQL_HOME,并且DATADIR中有一个my.cnf文件,BASEDIR中没有my.cnf文件,mysqld_safe将MYSQL_HOME设置为DATADIR。否则,如果未设置MYSQL_HOME并且在DATADIR中没有my.cnf,则mysqld_safe将MYSQL_HOME设置为BASEDIR。

典型情况二进制安装的目录为/usr/local/mysql/data或源代码安装的目录为/usr/local/var。请注意这是配置时指定的数据目录的位置,而不是 mysqld启动时用--datadir指定的。运行时使用--datadir对寻找选项文件的服务器没有效果,因为服务器在处理命令行参量之前寻找这些选项。

MySQL按照上述顺序寻找选项文件,并读存在的选项文件。如果你想要使用的某个选项文件不存在,则用明文文本编辑器创建。如果存在多个选项文件,文件中指定的后读取的选项要优先文件中指定的先读取的选项。

注释:在Unix平台上,MySQL忽略人人可写的配置文件。这是故意的,是一个安全措施。

任何可以在运行MySQL程序时在命令行给出的长选项也可以在选项文件中给出。要想列出程序的适用选项,用--help选项运行程序。

其他系统下的配置文件列表如下,

在Windows中,MySQL程序从以下文件读取启动选项:

20157194758079.jpg (620×222)

第四种:在MYSQL_PWD环境变量中存储密码

但是这种指定MySQL密码的方法是极不安全的,不应该使用。ps的某些版本包括显示运行进程的环境的选

项;如果你设定MYSQL_PWD,你的密码将被运行ps的所有人看见,甚至在没有这样一个版本的ps的系统上,也可能被观察到。 

在Unix上,mysql的客户端会将执行的命令保存在历史记录文件里。在默认情况下,这个文件被命名为 .mysql_history ,创建在你的home目录下。密码作为纯文本记录在如 CREATE USER, GRANT, 和 SET PASSWORD 这些语句里面。所以如果使用了这些语句,他们就被记录在这个历史文件里。为了保证安全,应该严格显示这个文件的访问模式,就和对刚才说的 .my.cnf 文件一样。

如果你的命令解释器配置为保持历史,这些历史记录文件,其中将包含在命令行中输入MySQL的密码。例如,bash中使用?/.bash_history的。任何这样的文件应该有一个严格的访问模式。

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