序
最近一直在忙项目,各种加班加点,项目上线,渐渐的没有了学习的时间。这不,刚这几天才能抽出点时间,忙里偷闲,正在看一本数据库的书籍,相信很多小伙伴们也都看过 — — 《MySQL 技术内幕:InnoDB 存储引擎》。这本书很详细的讲述了 MySQL 的设计思想,体系结构,存储引擎,索引,事务,以及对性能的调优等。当然,现在我也是刚刚看了一部分,至于现在写这篇文章,主要是为了记录一下我的学习历程,并且和大家分享一些新的东西。背景
至于背景嘛,这里就不多说了,如果感兴趣的话,还是推荐大家看一看这本书的。那么现在嘛,先了解一下 MySQL 的体系结构也不错,没准还可以拿出来炫耀一下(纯属忽悠)。概念
在说体系结构之前,先说两个名词,而且是在数据库领域里很常见的两个词:“数据库”和“数据库实例”。我想,小伙伴们肯定都知道这两个名词的,而且有时候还经常会区分不出来。那么,什么是“数据库”?什么又是“数据库实例”呢?下面我就详细跟大家说说。
首先说“数据库”,数据库是物理操作系统文件或其他形式的文件类型的集合。在 MySQL 中,数据库文件可以是 frm、myd、myi、ibd 结尾的文件。
然后说“数据库实例”,数据库实例是由数据库后台进程/线程以及一个共享内存区组成。共享内存可以被运行的后台进程/线程所共享。需要注意的是,数据库实例才是真正用来操作数据库文件的。
这两个词有时可以互换使用,但两者的概念完全不同。在 MySQL 中,实例和数据库通常关系是一 一对应的,即一个实例对应一个数据库,一个数据库对应一个实例。但是,在集群情况下,可能存在一个数据库可被多个实例使用的情况。
体系结构
MySQL 是一个可移植的数据库,几乎能在当前所有的操作系统上运行,如 Unix/Linux、Windows、Mac 和 Solaris。各种系统在底层实现方面各有不同,但是 MySQL 基本上能保证在各个平台上的物理体系结构的一致性。
MySQL 由以下几部分组成:
Connectors:不同语言中与 SQL 的交互

max_connections:就是整个MySQL实例的最大连接数限制 max_user_connections:是单个用户的最大连接数,这里未指明是哪个用户,是任意一个用户。
Management Serveices & Utilities:系统管理和控制工具
备份和恢复的安全性,复制,集群,管理,配置,迁移和元数据。
Connection Pool:连接池
进行身份验证、线程重用,连接限制,检查内存,数据缓存;管理用户的连接,线程处理等需要缓存的需求。
SQL Interface:SQL 接口
进行 DML、DDL,存储过程、视图、触发器等操作和管理;用户通过 SQL 命令来查询所需结果。
Parser:解析器
查询翻译对象的特权;SQL 命令传递到解析器的时候会被解析器验证和解析。
Optimizer:查询优化器
访问路径的统计数据;

在 MySQL 优化语句过程中,可以通过设置 optimize_switch 控制优化行为。在生产环境上,某时间段 MySQL 服务器压力特别大,load 一度达到了 100,查询发现数据库中有大量的 sql 语句 state 状态 result sorting ,result sorting 这种排序特别消耗 cpu 和内存资源。抽取其中的一条 sql 查看执行计划。
Cache 和 Buffer:查询缓存
全局和引擎特定的缓存和缓冲区;

Engine:存储引擎

MySQL 的 Windows 版本默认存储引擎为 InnoDB,InnoDB 支持事务,并且提供行级的锁定。
结束语
想要认识 MySQL,这里仅仅是个开始,在后续的学习中,我还会不定时的跟大家分享,同时,小伙伴们有新的想法也可以跟我一块交流交流。
MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

InnoDB effectively prevents phantom reading through Next-KeyLocking mechanism. 1) Next-KeyLocking combines row lock and gap lock to lock records and their gaps to prevent new records from being inserted. 2) In practical applications, by optimizing query and adjusting isolation levels, lock competition can be reduced and concurrency performance can be improved.

MySQL is not a programming language, but its query language SQL has the characteristics of a programming language: 1. SQL supports conditional judgment, loops and variable operations; 2. Through stored procedures, triggers and functions, users can perform complex logical operations in the database.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system suitable for data storage, management, query and security. 1. It supports a variety of operating systems and is widely used in Web applications and other fields. 2. Through the client-server architecture and different storage engines, MySQL processes data efficiently. 3. Basic usage includes creating databases and tables, inserting, querying and updating data. 4. Advanced usage involves complex queries and stored procedures. 5. Common errors can be debugged through the EXPLAIN statement. 6. Performance optimization includes the rational use of indexes and optimized query statements.

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

InnoDB's lock mechanisms include shared locks, exclusive locks, intention locks, record locks, gap locks and next key locks. 1. Shared lock allows transactions to read data without preventing other transactions from reading. 2. Exclusive lock prevents other transactions from reading and modifying data. 3. Intention lock optimizes lock efficiency. 4. Record lock lock index record. 5. Gap lock locks index recording gap. 6. The next key lock is a combination of record lock and gap lock to ensure data consistency.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

DVWA
Damn Vulnerable Web App (DVWA) is a PHP/MySQL web application that is very vulnerable. Its main goals are to be an aid for security professionals to test their skills and tools in a legal environment, to help web developers better understand the process of securing web applications, and to help teachers/students teach/learn in a classroom environment Web application security. The goal of DVWA is to practice some of the most common web vulnerabilities through a simple and straightforward interface, with varying degrees of difficulty. Please note that this software

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use