一:新建两张表
student表
CREATE TABLE student(
idINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
snameVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
);
SELECT * FROM student;
INSERT INTO student VALUES (1,'张三'),(2,'李四'),(3,'王五');
course表
CREATE TABLE course(
idINT PRIMARY KEY,
cnameVARCHAR(20) NOT NULL
);
SELECT * FROM course;
INSERT INTO course VALUES (1,'足球'),(2,'音乐'),(4,'美术');
二:外连接
外连接可分为:左连接、右连接、完全外连接。
1. 左连接 left join或者left outer join
SELECT * FROM student LEFT JOIN course ONstudent.id=course.id;
id sname id cname
1 张三 1 足球
2 李四 2 音乐
3 王五 \N \N
左外连接包含left join左表所有行,如果左表中某行在右表没有匹配,则结果中对应行右表的部分全部为空(NULL).
注:此时我们不能说结果的行数等于左表数据的行数。当然此处查询结果的行数等于左表数据的行数,因为左右两表此时为一对一关系。
2.右连接 right join 或 right outer join
SELECT * FROM student RIGHT JOIN course ONstudent.id=course.id;
id sname id cname
1 张三 1 足球
2李四 2音乐
\N \N 4美术
右外连接包含right join右表所有行,如果左表中某行在右表没有匹配,则结果中对应左表的部分全部为空(NULL)。
注:同样此时我们不能说结果的行数等于右表的行数。当然此处查询结果的行数等于左表数据的行数,因为左右两表此时为一对一关系。
2. 完全外连接 full join 或 full outer join
SELECT * FROM student FULL JOIN course;
idsnameidcname
1张三1足球
2李四1足球
3王五1足球
1张三2音乐
2李四2音乐
3王五2音乐
1张三4美术
2李四4美术
3王五4美术
三:内连接join或者inner join
SELECT * FROM student INNER JOIN course ONstudent.id=course.id;
idsnameidcname
1张三1足球
2李四2音乐
inner join 是比较运算符,只返回符合条件的行。
此时相当于:select * from student,course where student.id=course.id
四:交叉连接cross join
SELECT * FROM student CROSS JOIN course;
idsnameidcname
1张三1足球
2李四1足球
3王五1足球
1张三2音乐
2李四2音乐
3王五2音乐
1张三4美术
2李四4美术
3王五4美术
如果我们在此时给这条SQL加上WHERE子句的时候比如SQL:select * from student cross join course wherestudent.id=course.id
此时将返回符合条件的结果集,结果和inner join所示执行结果一样。

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MySQL efficiently manages structured data through table structure and SQL query, and implements inter-table relationships through foreign keys. 1. Define the data format and type when creating a table. 2. Use foreign keys to establish relationships between tables. 3. Improve performance through indexing and query optimization. 4. Regularly backup and monitor databases to ensure data security and performance optimization.

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The basic operations of MySQL include creating databases, tables, and using SQL to perform CRUD operations on data. 1. Create a database: CREATEDATABASEmy_first_db; 2. Create a table: CREATETABLEbooks(idINTAUTO_INCREMENTPRIMARYKEY, titleVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, authorVARCHAR(100)NOTNULL, published_yearINT); 3. Insert data: INSERTINTObooks(title, author, published_year)VA


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