How to configure and manage a virtualized environment on Linux

How to configure and manage a virtualization environment on Linux

Virtualization technology is a method of segmentation and utilization based on hardware resources. It can convert a physical server into Divide it into multiple independent virtual machine instances to improve server resource utilization and flexibility. The Linux system provides a series of powerful virtualization tools and management mechanisms. This article will introduce how to configure and manage a virtualization environment on Linux and give specific code examples.

1. Configure the virtualization platform
First, we need to choose a suitable virtualization platform. On Linux, you can choose common virtualization platforms, such as KVM, Xen, VirtualBox, etc. Here we take KVM as an example to illustrate.

1. Install KVM
   On Ubuntu systems, you can use the following command to install KVM:
   $ sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin virt-manager
2. Create virtual Network
   Creating a virtual network allows virtual machines to communicate with each other and connect to the host. You can use the following command to create a virtual network:
   $ sudo virsh net-define network.xml
   $ sudo virsh net-start network
3. Create a virtual machine
   Use the virt-install command to create a virtual network machine, for example:
   $ sudo virt-install --name myvm --ram 2048 --vcpu 2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images/myvm.img,size=10 --network network= default --graphics vnc,port=5901 --os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntutrusty --cdrom=/path/to/ubuntu.iso

2. Manage virtualization environment
In a virtualized environment, we can use command line tools or graphical interface tools for management.

1. Command line management
   Use the virsh command to create, delete, start, stop and other operations on virtual machines. The following are commonly used command examples:
2. Create a virtual machine:
   $ sudo virt-install --name myvm --ram 2048 --vcpu 2 --disk path=/var/lib/libvirt/images /myvm.img,size=10 --network network=default --graphics vnc,port=5901 --os-type=linux --os-variant=ubuntutrusty --cdrom=/path/to/ubuntu.iso

• Delete the virtual machine:
  $ sudo virsh destroy myvm
  $ sudo virsh undefine myvm
• Start the virtual machine:
  $ sudo virsh start myvm
• Stop the virtual machine:
  $ sudo virsh shutdown myvm
• View the virtual machine list:
  $ sudo virsh list

2. Graphical interface management
   Linux system provides the virt-manager graphical interface tool, which can easily manage virtual machines. You can use the following command to install virt-manager:
   $ sudo apt install virt-manager

Open virt-manager, you can see the list of created virtual machines, and you can easily modify it through the interface operation Virtual machines are managed and monitored.

3. Code Example

The following is a simple virtual machine management script example written in Python language:

import libvirt

# 连接到本地的libvirt守护进程
conn = libvirt.open()

# 创建虚拟机
def create_vm(name, ram, vcpu, disk_path, network, graphics):
    xml = '''
    <domain type='kvm'>
      <name>{}</name>
      <memory unit='KiB'>{}</memory>
      <vcpu placement='static'>{}</vcpu>
      <os>
        <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-i440fx-2.9'>hvm</type>
        <boot dev='hd'/>
      </os>
      <devices>
        <disk type='file' device='disk'>
          <driver name='qemu' type='qcow2'/>
          <source file='{}'/>
          <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x04' function='0x0'/>
        </disk>
        <interface type='network'>
          <mac address='52:54:00:6f:65:94'/>
          <source network='{}'/>
          <model type='virtio'/>
          <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
        </interface>
        <graphics type='vnc' port='{}' autoport='no' listen='0.0.0.0'/>
      </devices>
    </domain>
    '''.format(name, ram, vcpu, disk_path, network, graphics)

    conn.createXML(xml, 0)

# 删除虚拟机
def delete_vm(name):
    dom = conn.lookupByName(name)
    dom.destroy()
    dom.undefine()

# 启动虚拟机
def start_vm(name):
    dom = conn.lookupByName(name)
    dom.create()

# 停止虚拟机
def stop_vm(name):
    dom = conn.lookupByName(name)
    dom.shutdown()

# 查看虚拟机列表
def list_vms():
    vms = conn.listDomainsID()
    for vm in vms:
        dom = conn.lookupByID(vm)
        print("Name: {}, ID: {}, State: {}".format(dom.name(), dom.ID(), dom.state()))

# 示例用法
create_vm('myvm', 2048, 2, '/var/lib/libvirt/images/myvm.img', 'default', '5901')
start_vm('myvm')
list_vms()
delete_vm('myvm')

This example uses the libvirt library to connect to the local The libvirt daemon process provides some simple management operations, such as creating, deleting, starting, stopping virtual machines, and viewing the virtual machine list.

In actual use, the virtualization environment can be further configured and managed according to needs, such as network settings, disk management, performance monitoring, etc.

Summary
This article briefly introduces the method of configuring and managing a virtualized environment on Linux, and gives specific code examples. Virtualization technology facilitates efficient utilization of server resources, and also brings flexibility and scalability to application deployment and management. I hope this article can bring some inspiration and help to readers about the configuration and management of virtualization environments on Linux.

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