Design and implementation of high-performance web application architecture underlying PHP

Design and implementation of high-performance web application architecture underlying PHP

In today's Internet era, PHP has become one of the most popular web development languages. It is easy to learn, It's fast to develop, stable to run, and has strong community support. However, when dealing with high-concurrency Web application scenarios, PHP performance issues have become a challenge that developers have to face. Therefore, the design and implementation of high-performance Web application architecture underlying PHP is a crucial step in the field of front-end development.

This article will introduce how to improve the performance of Web applications by designing and implementing a high-performance PHP underlying Web application architecture.

1. Choose a suitable Web server and database

Selecting the correct Web server is the primary task of PHP performance optimization. Apache is one of the most commonly used web servers, but it has some flaws. In high concurrency situations, Apache's performance drops dramatically because it creates a process for each request. Therefore, we can choose an event-driven web server such as Nginx or Lighttpd, which can greatly improve the performance of PHP applications.

The database is also very important. Choosing an appropriate database can also improve the performance of web applications. We should choose a high-performance non-relational database, such as Redis or MongoDB.

2. Enable OPcache

OPcache is PHP’s own caching mechanism. It was introduced after PHP 5.5.0 and became a standard feature after PHP 7.0. OPcache can cache the PHP code we wrote and compile it into bytecode. The bytecode can be read directly the next time it is used, avoiding repeated compilation and parsing processes, thus greatly optimizing the performance of PHP. OPcache can be enabled by modifying the php.ini file.

3. Use naturally growing arrays instead of associative arrays

In PHP, arrays are one of the most commonly used data structures. In the field of web development, arrays are usually used to store request parameters, session control, etc., so the performance of arrays is crucial for web applications.

Associative arrays are arrays we usually use, storing content through key-value pairs. However, associative arrays have many disadvantages, such as element access being slower than naturally growing arrays. Therefore, in many cases it can be more efficient to use a naturally growing array.

4. Optimize SQL query statements

The database is one of the cores of Web applications, and the efficiency of query statements directly affects the performance of Web applications.

We can optimize SQL query statements through the following aspects:

1. Choose the correct index type
2. Avoid using SELECT * and only select the required fields
3. Use INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN and other JOIN operators to query the table
4. Do not use the wildcard LIKE in the SQL query statement.

5. Use caching technology

Caching technology is one of the commonly used performance optimization methods in Web application development. Because in web applications, there is a lot of data that is accessed repeatedly, we can cache this data to reduce the number of database accesses.

We can use memory caching technologies such as Redis or memcached to store these repeatedly accessed data. The key point of using caching technology in code is the effectiveness of the cache. We need to determine the time range or conditions under which cached data can be enabled, and the cache needs to be updated in a timely manner when the data is modified.

6. Use the PHP framework

The PHP framework is an efficient web application development tool. The PHP framework provides many ready-made, optimized components that can help us quickly build web applications. It also provides many high-performance components, such as fast routing, automatic loading, etc. The most popular PHP frameworks include Laravel, Yii, CodeIgniter, etc.

7. Use asynchronous programming

Asynchronous programming is very important in high-concurrency applications. It can improve the performance of web applications through asynchronous non-blocking IO operations and event loops. Through asynchronous programming, the CPU can continuously process requests, responses and IO events without waiting, effectively improving the concurrent processing capabilities of web applications.

In PHP, we can use asynchronous programming frameworks such as ReactPHP to implement asynchronous programming.

8. Summary

Through the above eight aspects of optimization, we can improve the performance of Web applications. PHP performance optimization is an ongoing process, and we need to constantly adjust and optimize according to the needs of the application.

Attached PHP code example:

// 自然增长数组示例
$natural_array = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) {
    $natural_array[] = "value".$i;
}

// 关联数组示例
$assoc_array = array();
for ($i = 0; $i < 10000; $i++) {
    $assoc_array["key".$i] = "value".$i;
}

// 使用Redis示例
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);
if (!$redis->get('key1')) {
    $redis->set('key1', 'value1');
}
echo $redis->get('key1');

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