How to perform file system management and disk management in Linux systems

File system management and disk management of Linux systems are one of the basic skills that Linux system administrators must master. In a Linux system, to manage file systems and disks, you can use some basic commands and tools, such as fdisk, parted, mkfs, mount, df, etc.

1. View file system and disk information

Before using the Linux system to manage file systems and disks, you must first check the file system and disk information in the system. You can use the following commands to view disk and file system information in the system:

# 查看硬盘信息
sudo fdisk -l
# 查看文件系统信息
sudo df -h

2. Disk partitioning and formatting

In a Linux system, to use a disk, you need to It partitions and formats the partition. Disks can be partitioned using the fdisk or parted tools.

# 使用fdisk对磁盘进行分区
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
# 使用parted对磁盘进行分区 以MB为单位
sudo parted /dev/sdb
(parted)
(parted) print
(parted) unit MB
(parted) mklabel gpt
(parted) mkpart primary 0 1000
(parted) print
(parted) quit

After the partitioning is completed, each partition needs to be formatted. Commonly used formatting commands include mkfs.ext4, mkfs.ntfs, mkfs.fat32, etc.

# 格式化分区
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1

3. Mounting and unmounting the file system

In the Linux system, the file system needs to be mounted to the specified path, which can be set in the /etc/fstab file Set the option to automatically mount at startup. The following demonstrates how to manually mount and unmount the file system.

# 挂载文件系统
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt
# 卸载文件系统
sudo umount /mnt

4. Expand or shrink the file system

During use, you may need to expand or shrink the file system, you can use the resize2fs command.

# 扩展当前文件系统
sudo resize2fs /dev/sdb1

The above are basic operation guides and command examples for file system management and disk management in Linux systems, which we need to master and apply flexibly. Of course, if you need to perform more complex operations, such as RAID, you also need to strengthen your learning and practice.

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