在PHP中运行只有root用户才可以运行的外部程序,一直是个老问题,用常规的办法很难实现。这是因为一般情况下,PHP是作为APACHE的一个模块的,也就是说,PHP是APACHE的一部分,而APACHE除了suEXEC机制外,是不能以不同的用户ID来执行命令的,但suEXEC机制只能CGI有效。
网上曾经有一篇文章,说用调用"su - -c COMMAND"可以实现,但经过多次试验,发现不行,因为su命令必须在STDIN上输入root的密码。
怎么办?用常规的方法难以奏效,只能再想其它的方法了。成功的关键在于能有一个可以切换用户ID但又可以在命令上输入密码(或不用输入密码)的工具。有这样的工具吗?有,它就是super。
下面就具体说说如何来做?
要注意的是,安装和配置super,都要以root身份来进行。
第一步,切换到root下
第二步,安装super
先到ftp://ftp.mdtsoft.com/pub/super下载super-3.14.0-1.i386.rpm。这是一个RPM文件,其它包括了两个工具:setuid和super,以及它们的文档和man手册。用下面的命令将它安装到系统中:
% rpm -Uvh super-3.14.0-1.i386.rpm
你还可以用这个命令来查看这个RPM中的文件:
% rpm -qpl super-3.14.0-1.i386.rpm
从结果可以看到,两个工具都将被安装到/bin目录下。
第三步,配置super
super的配置文件是/etc/super.tab。这是一个文本文件,格式也比较复杂。不过,我们这里只要很简单的加上几行就可以了。至于详细的说明,可以通过man super.tab来查看。
假设运行Apache的用户是nobody,我们欲通过super来增加系统用户(调用useradd命令),那么我们只要在super.tab文件中加入以下这行:
auser /sbin/useradd nobody,hunte
第一段是super能够识别的命令的别名;第二段是该别名所对应的系统命令的全路径;第三段是可以运行该命令的用户列表,用逗号分隔。这里除了nobody外,还一个叫hunte的普通用户,是用于下面的测试。当然,你应该用你系统中有的任意一个普通用户。
至此,super的配置就算好了。
第四步,测试
以第三步中指定的非nobody用户登录,运行:
% /bin/super auser testuser
如果前面的配置没什么错误的话,用户testuser应该是成功地创建了。可以用:
% cat /etc/passwd | grep testuser
命令来验证一下。
第五步,在PHP中调用该命令
下面是PHP代码:
if ($username)
{
//应该检查新用户是否已经存在
echo '正在创建用户...';
system(escapeshellcmd("/bin/super auser $username"));
}
?>
使用super,使得在PHP中以root身份运行外部命令不再是难事。试试看吧。
测试环境:RedHat Linux 7.0 (Kernel 2.4.3) + Apache 1.3.9 + PHP 4.0.4pl1
chpasswd.cgi是一个修改linux用户密码的cgi程序,弥补更改密码需要两次输入密码的缺陷

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