How to use middleware for email sending in Laravel

How to use middleware for email sending in Laravel

Introduction:
Laravel is a popular PHP framework that provides many flexible and easy-to-use features . Among them, email sending is one of the essential functions of many web applications. In this article, we will explain how to use middleware in Laravel to send emails and provide concrete code examples.

1. Configure email
Before we start, we need to configure email in Laravel. In the config/mail.php file, we can set the email driver, host, port, encryption, etc. These settings will be used to connect to the mail server and send emails. The following is a sample configuration file:

return [
    'default' => env('MAIL_MAILER', 'smtp'),
    'mailers' => [
        'smtp' => [
            'transport' => 'smtp',
            'host' => env('MAIL_HOST', 'smtp.mailgun.org'),
            'port' => env('MAIL_PORT', 587),
            'encryption' => env('MAIL_ENCRYPTION', 'tls'),
            'username' => env('MAIL_USERNAME'),
            'password' => env('MAIL_PASSWORD'),
            'timeout' => null,
            'auth_mode' => null,
        ],
    ],
];

2. Create email middleware
Next, we need to create an email middleware that will be responsible for sending emails. You can use Laravel's Artisan command line tool to create middleware:

php artisan make:middleware SendMailMiddleware

This command will create a file named SendMailMiddleware.php in the app/Http/Middleware directory. document. In this file, we can define a handle method to handle the logic of email sending. The following is a sample middleware code:

<?php

namespace AppHttpMiddleware;

use Closure;
use IlluminateSupportFacadesMail;

class SendMailMiddleware
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        // 根据需要自定义邮件发送的逻辑
        $email = $request->input('email');
        $subject = $request->input('subject');
        $message = $request->input('message');

        Mail::raw($message, function ($mail) use ($email, $subject) {
            $mail->to($email)->subject($subject);
        });
        
        return $next($request);
    }
}

In the above code, we use the Mail class to handle the sending of emails. The raw method is used to send simple text emails. You can use other methods as needed, such as send for sending emails containing templates.

3. Register email middleware
Next, we need to register the email middleware into the routing. You can add email middleware in the $middlewareGroups attribute of the app/Http/Kernel.php file. The following is an example modified code:

protected $middlewareGroups = [
    'web' => [
        // 其他中间件
        AppHttpMiddlewareSendMailMiddleware::class,
    ],

    'api' => [
        // 其他中间件
        AppHttpMiddlewareSendMailMiddleware::class,
    ],
];

The above code adds the email middleware to the web and api middleware groups. This way, when a request passes through these groups, the mail middleware will be executed.

4. Using email middleware
Now we can use email middleware in routing or controllers to send emails. The following is an example route definition:

Route::post('/send-email', function (Request $request) {
    // 发送邮件之前的其他逻辑
})->middleware('send.mail');

In the above code, we pass an anonymous function to the Route function and specify the function to be used through the middleware method Email middleware. Here, we are using the send.mail middleware, which is the SendMailMiddleware we just created.

5. Test email sending
Finally, we can use Postman or similar tools to make a POST request to /send-email and pass email, ## at the same time #subject and message parameters. The middleware will send the email when the request arrives and continue processing subsequent logic.

Summary:

This article introduces how to use middleware to send emails in Laravel. By configuring email, creating email middleware, registering middleware, and using middleware in routes or controllers, we can easily implement email sending functionality. Hope this article can help you.

Reference documentation:

Laravel email documentation: https://laravel.com/docs/8.x/mail

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