In-depth understanding of the working principle and technical mechanism of PHP SSO single sign-on

In-depth understanding of the working principle and technical mechanism of PHP SSO single sign-on

With the rapid development of the Internet, the number of various websites and applications is also increasing. In order to access different websites and applications, users need to register different accounts and passwords respectively, which brings inconvenience and annoyance to users. In order to solve this problem, Single Sign-On (SSO) came into being.

SSO is an authorization and authentication system that allows users to seamlessly access multiple systems after they successfully log in. This article will provide an in-depth understanding of the working principle and technical mechanism of PHP SSO single sign-on, and provide specific code examples.

1. Working principle

1. User login process

When users access an application that requires login, they need to jump to the identity authentication center. The user enters the user name and password in the identity authentication center for identity authentication. After the identity authentication is passed, the authorization token is returned to the user.

2. Application login process

When users access other applications, they will bring the authorization token. After the application obtains the authorization token, it needs to go to the identity authentication center for verification. If the verification passes, the user will be granted access to the application and log in directly to the application.

2. Technical mechanism

1. Session sharing

In the process of implementing SSO, session sharing is one of the key technical mechanisms. With session sharing, users who log in to one system do not need to log in again when accessing other systems. In PHP, session sharing can be achieved through Session.

First, user authentication needs to be performed on the login page of the identity authentication center and the user information is saved in the Session. Then, in other applications, when the user's identity needs to be verified, the user information is obtained from the Session based on the authorization token by sending a request to the identity authentication center. If the user information exists and is valid, it means the user is logged in.

2. Authorization and authentication

Authorization and authentication is one of the technical mechanisms to ensure user identity security. In SSO, through the verification of authorization tokens, it can be ensured that users can only access resources within the authorization scope when accessing other applications.

In PHP, authorization authentication can be achieved through JWT (JSON Web Token). JWT is an open standard for authentication and information transfer. It stores some user information in the form of JSON and uses signature or encryption to verify the user's identity.

After the user successfully logs in, the identity authentication center uses JWT to generate an authorization token and returns it to the application. After receiving the authorization token, the application confirms its validity by verifying the signature or encrypted information of the JWT to ensure that the user has the authority to access the application.

3. Code Example

The following is a code example of a simplified version of SSO single sign-on based on PHP:

1. Identity Authentication Center (auth.php)

session_start();
$username = $_POST["username"];
$password = $_POST["password"];

/ / Verification logic of username and password
if (verify username and password){
// Save user information to Session
$_SESSION["username"] = $username;
$_SESSION ["role"] = "admin";
// Generate JWT authorization token

// Return the authorization token to the application
}
?>

2. Application (app.php)

session_start();
$token = $_GET["token"];

// Send request to Identity authentication center, verify the authorization token

// If the authorization token verification passes
$_SESSION["username"] = "admin";
?>

Through the above sample code, we can have a preliminary understanding of the working principle and technical mechanism of PHP SSO single sign-on. Of course, real SSO systems are more complex and secure. In practical applications, issues such as encrypted transmission of user identity information, prevention of session hijacking, and session timeout settings also need to be considered.

Summary:

This article provides an in-depth understanding of the working principle and technical mechanism of PHP SSO single sign-on, and provides a simplified version of the code example. SSO can greatly simplify the user's login process and improve the user experience. With the development of the Internet, I believe that SSO single sign-on technology will receive more and more attention and be widely used.

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