Quick migration of PHP applications with Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB

Quick migration of PHP applications through Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB

With the continuous development and popularity of cloud computing, more and more applications are beginning to Deploy and manage using containerization. Docker is currently one of the most popular containerization platforms, providing fast and lightweight application packaging and delivery solutions.

In this article, we will introduce how to use the three tools Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB to achieve rapid migration of PHP applications.

1. Environment preparation
Before we start, we need to install Docker and Docker Compose. Docker is an open source containerization platform, and Docker Compose is a tool for defining and running multiple Docker containers.

For how to install Docker, please refer to the official documentation (https://docs.docker.com/get-docker/). Installing Docker Compose can be completed with the following command:

$ sudo pip install docker-compose

2. Create Docker Compose file
Docker Compose uses a YAML format configuration file to define and manage multiple containers. We need to create a file called docker-compose.yml and define the container of our application in it.

The following is a simple example:

version: '3'
services:
  web:
    build:
      context: .
      dockerfile: Dockerfile
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 80:80
    volumes:
      - ./web:/var/www/html
    depends_on:
      - db
  db:
    image: mariadb:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_DATABASE: myapp
      MYSQL_USER: myuser
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: mypassword
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: myrootpassword
    volumes:
      - ./db:/var/lib/mysql

In this example, we define two services (web and db). The web service is used to run our PHP application and the db service is used to run the MariaDB database.

• Web service configuration item description:

  • build: Specify the context path and build file for building the image.
  • restart: Set the container to automatically restart after exiting.
  • ports: Map port 80 of the container to port 80 of the host.
  • volumes: Mount the web directory on the host to the /var/www/html directory of the container.
  • depends_on: The web service depends on the db service.

• db service configuration item description:

  • image: Specify the MariaDB image to use.
  • restart: Set the container to automatically restart after exiting.
  • environment: Set the MariaDB environment variables, including database name, user, password, etc.
  • volumes: Mount the db directory on the host to the /var/lib/mysql directory of the container.

3. Writing Dockerfile
Dockerfile is a file used to build a Docker image. It defines a series of instructions to describe the image building process.

The following is a simple Dockerfile example:

FROM php:7.4-apache

RUN apt-get update && 
    apt-get install -y libpq-dev && 
    docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysql pdo_pgsql && 
    a2enmod rewrite

WORKDIR /var/www/html

COPY . .

RUN chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/html

This Dockerfile is based on the official php:7.4-apache image, installs some dependencies and extensions, and sets the working directory to /var/www /html. Finally, use the COPY instruction to copy all files in the current directory to the container's /var/www/html directory, and set the permissions of the /var/www/html directory.

4. Start the container
After completing the above preparations, we can use the following command to start the container:

$ docker-compose up -d

This command will start the two containers we defined (web and db) and run in the background.

5. Configure Nginx reverse proxy
By default, Docker Compose will create a default network for each service. We can use the name of the container as the domain name to access the services in the container.

However, in order to better control and manage our application, we can use Nginx as a reverse proxy to forward requests to the corresponding container.

First, we need to install and configure Nginx. It can be installed through the following command:

$ sudo apt-get install nginx

Then, add the following content to the Nginx configuration file:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name your-domain.com;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://web:80;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    }
}

In this configuration file, we forward the request to the web server through the proxy_pass directive. Port 80 of the container and set some proxy-related header information.

Finally, restart the Nginx service to make the configuration take effect:

$ sudo service nginx restart

6. Conclusion
By using Docker Compose, Nginx and MariaDB, we can quickly and easily migrate and deploy PHP applications. Docker provides a reliable and repeatable environment that separates the application's running environment from the host environment. The reverse proxy function of Nginx can easily perform traffic forwarding and load balancing. MariaDB provides a high-performance and reliable relational database.

I hope this article can provide you with some help and guidance in the rapid migration of PHP applications. If you have any questions or concerns, please feel free to ask us. Have fun building and managing applications with Docker!

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