页面(或者servlet)中发送动态产生的图像?这篇技巧告诉你如何做。要运行这里的代码,你需要一个Tomcat或者其他支持JSP 1.1的web服务器。
当一个web页面带有image/jpeg (或者其他的图像格式)的MIME类型被发送时,你的浏览器将那个返回结果当作一个图像,然后浏览器显示图像,作为页面的一部分或者完全作为图像自身。要为你的jsp页面设置MIME类型,你需要设置页面的contentType属性:
然后你需要创建一个BufferedImage绘制你的动态图像:
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
创建完一个BufferedImage后,你需要得到图形环境进行绘制,一个Graphics或者Graphics2D对象:
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// or
Graphics2d g2d = image.createGraphics();
从现在起你就可以绘制图像内容了。对图形环境绘制就会画到BufferedImage。最开始这个图像都是黑色的,因此用你希望的背景颜色填充图像是一个不错的主意,然后,当你完成图像的绘制,你需要dispose图形环境:
g.dispose();
// or
g2d.dispose();
一旦完成图像的绘制,你在response中返回那个图像。你可以使用非标准的com.sun.image.codec.jpeg包中的JPEGImageEncoder类编码图像,或者如果你使用JDK1.4,你可以使用标准的ImageIO类。在使用JPEGImageEncoder时有一个技巧,你必须从ServletResponse取来ServletOutputStream而不能使用隐含的JSP输出变量out。
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
JPEGImageEncoder encoder = JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(sos);
encoder.encode(image);
// or
ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", out);
这里有一个从所有的可能方案中(例如g.dispose();或者g2d.dispose();)选取的一个完整的范例.这个例子使用Graphics对象绘制一个随机的多边形,图像通过JPEGImageEncoder绘制,你可以自由设置多边形的顶点数得到更复杂的形状,换言之,有更多顶点和边。
要运行这个范例,将从""之间的jsp代码放到一个名为image.jsp的文件中,将那个文件放到你的web服务器可以找到的地方,在使用Tomcat的情况下是ROOT目录,启动Tomcat,访问http://localhost:8080/image.jsp
import="java.awt.*,java.awt.image.*,
com.sun.image.codec.jpeg.*,java.util.*"
%>
// Create image
int width=200, height=200;
BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width,
height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
// Get drawing context (代码实验室)
Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
// Fill background
g.setColor(Color.white);
g.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
// Create random polygon
Polygon poly = new Polygon();
Random random = new Random();
for (int i=0; i < 5; i++) {
poly.addPoint(random.nextInt(width),
random.nextInt(height));
}
// Fill polygon
g.setColor(Color.cyan);
g.fillPolygon(poly);
// Dispose context
g.dispose();
// Send back image
ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
JPEGImageEncoder encoder =
JPEGCodec.createJPEGEncoder(sos);
encoder.encode(image);
%> (代码实验室)

PHP remains important in modern web development, especially in content management and e-commerce platforms. 1) PHP has a rich ecosystem and strong framework support, such as Laravel and Symfony. 2) Performance optimization can be achieved through OPcache and Nginx. 3) PHP8.0 introduces JIT compiler to improve performance. 4) Cloud-native applications are deployed through Docker and Kubernetes to improve flexibility and scalability.

PHP is suitable for web development, especially in rapid development and processing dynamic content, but is not good at data science and enterprise-level applications. Compared with Python, PHP has more advantages in web development, but is not as good as Python in the field of data science; compared with Java, PHP performs worse in enterprise-level applications, but is more flexible in web development; compared with JavaScript, PHP is more concise in back-end development, but is not as good as JavaScript in front-end development.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages and are suitable for different scenarios. 1.PHP is suitable for web development and provides built-in web servers and rich function libraries. 2. Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and a powerful standard library. When choosing, it should be decided based on project requirements.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

The reasons why PHP is the preferred technology stack for many websites include its ease of use, strong community support, and widespread use. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners. 2) Have a huge developer community and rich resources. 3) Widely used in WordPress, Drupal and other platforms. 4) Integrate tightly with web servers to simplify development deployment.

PHP remains a powerful and widely used tool in modern programming, especially in the field of web development. 1) PHP is easy to use and seamlessly integrated with databases, and is the first choice for many developers. 2) It supports dynamic content generation and object-oriented programming, suitable for quickly creating and maintaining websites. 3) PHP's performance can be improved by caching and optimizing database queries, and its extensive community and rich ecosystem make it still important in today's technology stack.

In PHP, weak references are implemented through the WeakReference class and will not prevent the garbage collector from reclaiming objects. Weak references are suitable for scenarios such as caching systems and event listeners. It should be noted that it cannot guarantee the survival of objects and that garbage collection may be delayed.

The \_\_invoke method allows objects to be called like functions. 1. Define the \_\_invoke method so that the object can be called. 2. When using the $obj(...) syntax, PHP will execute the \_\_invoke method. 3. Suitable for scenarios such as logging and calculator, improving code flexibility and readability.


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