Cookie
cookie 是强大而方便的功能,它能提供一个范围内的全程变量,来看看 cookie 的语法:setcookie(cookievalue,value,time,path,domain);
cookievalue 是设置的 cookie 变量,value 是将一个值设置成 cookie 的变量,time 是这个 cookie 变量作用的时间,path 是 cookie 作用的路径,domain 是 cookie 作用的域;
需要注意的是在 php 程序内设置 cookie 时一定不能在 html 这个标记的后面设置.
下面看个例子:
setcookie("cookietime","2001-5-2",time()+3600,"/","test.php");
这个 cookie 设置的意思是给日期 "2001-5-2" 设置一个 cookie 变量 $cookietime ,其作用时间为 3600 秒,这个变量在 /test.php 里生效.
这时在 test.php 里加上 echo $cookietime; 就会显示出 2001-5-2 .
如果将 cookie 里的时间置空,那么关闭浏览器后,cookie 就失效了.
cookie 有一个特殊的地方就是 cookie 设置的值并不会马上被执行,直到第二次引用时才会被执行,那么第一次引用的 cookie 值是什么呢?
就是 cookie 上一次设置的值,这儿理解起来有点费劲,没关系,举个例子就全明白了:
setcookie("cookietime",time,time()+3600,"/","test.php");
第一次引用时 $cookietime 内没有值,第二次引用时发现 $cookietime 内的 time 才显示出来,修该 time 为 2001:
setcookie("cookietime",2001,time()+3600,"/","test.php");
再执行一次,第一次引用时 $cookietime 的值为 time,第二次引用 $cookietime 的值才为 2001;那么 cookie 的这个特性有何功用呢?聪明的读者可能已经知道其用法了,就是用于通告和报警功能上的;
看个关于使用 cookie 这个特性的例子,这里程序要实现的功能是当用户下一次来浏览网站时,所有这个用户没看过的新信息后面都添加一个 (new),用 cookie 来完成这个功能再简单不过了,至少在我看来还没有任何其它方法能比使用 cookie 来完成这个功能更简单的了.
存储信息自然需要时间值,只要数据库有存储与每条信息相关的时间值加上 cookie 就能完成这个看上去还不错的功能:
test.php:
$time=date('Y-m-d H:i:s');
setcookie("cookietime",$time,time()+3600000,"/","test.php");
......
......
//从数据库取出时间值
$datatime=mysql_result($result,$i,"time");
//比较两个时间的大小,所有 $datatime 大于 $cookietime 的信息后面加上 (new)
if ($datatime>$cookietime)
echo "(new)";
......
......
整个过程就是这么简洁明了,当用户向网站发出浏览 /test.php 的请求时,他的浏览器就会把他上一次浏览 /test.php 的 cookie 记录发给服务器,服务器接受这个 cookie 值并做处理,同时把用户浏览器的 cookie 重新设置,并返回处理的结果,这就是 cookie 工作的原理.

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