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PHP study notes: data visualization and report generation

王林Original: 2023-10-08 15:41:151396browse

Introduction:
With the development of the Internet, the explosive growth of data volume and the increasing demand for data analysis Urgently, data visualization and report generation have become issues that all walks of life need to face. In the process of learning PHP, it is very important to understand commonly used data visualization techniques and report generation methods. This article will introduce relevant knowledge points of data visualization and report generation in PHP through specific code examples.

1. Data visualization

Selection of chart library
In PHP, we can use various chart libraries to visualize data. The following introduces several commonly used chart libraries and how to use them:

(1) Highcharts: Highcharts is a powerful and flexible JavaScript chart library. It supports many types of charts, including line charts, bar charts, pie charts, etc.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <script src="https://code.highcharts.com/highcharts.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="container" style="width: 600px; height: 400px;"></div>
    <script>
    var data = [1, 3, 2, 4, 5];
    Highcharts.chart('container', {
        chart: {
            type: 'bar'
        },
        title: {
            text: '柱状图示例'
        },
        xAxis: {
            categories: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
        },
        yAxis: {
            title: {
                text: '值'
            }
        },
        series: [{
            name: '数据',
            data: data
        }]
    });
    </script>
</body>
</html>

(2) ECharts: ECharts is a data visualization library developed by Baidu, with powerful interactive capabilities and rich chart types. Use ECharts to quickly create various charts, including line charts, scatter charts, radar charts, etc.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/echarts@5/dist/echarts.min.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="container" style="width: 600px; height: 400px;"></div>
    <script>
    var data = [1, 3, 2, 4, 5];
    var myChart = echarts.init(document.getElementById('container'));
    var option = {
        title: {
            text: '折线图示例'
        },
        xAxis: {
            type: 'category',
            data: ['A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E']
        },
        yAxis: {
            type: 'value'
        },
        series: [{
            data: data,
            type: 'line'
        }]
    };
    myChart.setOption(option);
    </script>
</body>
</html>

(3) Google Charts: Google Charts is a set of powerful charting tools provided by Google. It can draw various types of charts, such as pie charts, maps, heat maps, etc.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
    <script type="text/javascript">
        google.charts.load('current', {'packages':['corechart']});
        google.charts.setOnLoadCallback(drawChart);
        function drawChart() {
            var data = google.visualization.arrayToDataTable([
                ['Item', 'Value'],
                ['A', 1],
                ['B', 3],
                ['C', 2],
                ['D', 4],
                ['E', 5]
            ]);
            var options = {
                title: '饼图示例'
            };
            var chart = new google.visualization.PieChart(document.getElementById('chart'));
            chart.draw(data, options);
        }
    </script>
</head>
<body>
    <div id="chart" style="width: 600px; height: 400px;"></div>
</body>
</html>

Data Visualization Example
In addition to using third-party chart libraries, we can also use PHP's graphics processing library for data visualization. The following is a sample code that uses the GD library to generate a histogram:

<?php
$data = [1, 3, 2, 4, 5];
$width = 600;
$height = 400;
$padding = 10;
$font_file = 'font.ttf';
$image = imagecreatetruecolor($width, $height);
$background_color = imagecolorallocate($image, 255, 255, 255);
$bar_color = imagecolorallocate($image, 0, 0, 255);
$text_color = imagecolorallocate($image, 0, 0, 0);
imagefill($image, 0, 0, $background_color);
$bar_width = ($width - 2 * $padding) / count($data);
foreach ($data as $key => $value) {
    $x = $padding + $key * $bar_width;
    $bar_height = ($value / max($data)) * ($height - 2 * $padding);
    $y = $height - $padding - $bar_height;
    imagefilledrectangle($image, $x, $y, $x + $bar_width, $height - $padding, $bar_color);
    imagettftext($image, 12, 0, $x, $height - $padding + 15, $text_color, $font_file, $value);
}
header('Content-Type: image/png');
imagepng($image);
imagedestroy($image);
?>

2. Report generation

Excel report generation
For situations where Excel reports need to be generated, We can use PHPExcel library to achieve this. The following is a simple sample code for generating an Excel file containing data:

<?php
require_once 'PHPExcel.php';
$excel = new PHPExcel();
$sheet = $excel->getActiveSheet();
$sheet->setCellValue('A1', '姓名');
$sheet->setCellValue('B1', '年龄');
$sheet->setCellValue('A2', '张三');
$sheet->setCellValue('B2', '25');
$sheet->setCellValue('A3', '李四');
$sheet->setCellValue('B3', '30');
header('Content-Type: application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment;filename="report.xlsx"');
header('Cache-Control: max-age=0');
$writer = PHPExcel_IOFactory::createWriter($excel, 'Excel2007');
$writer->save('php://output');

PDF report generation
If you need to generate a report in PDF format, we can use the FPDF library to fulfill. The following is a sample code for generating a PDF report:

<?php
require('fpdf/fpdf.php');
$pdf = new FPDF();
$pdf->AddPage();
$pdf->SetFont('Arial', 'B', 16);
$pdf->Cell(40, 10, '姓名');
$pdf->Cell(40, 10, '年龄');
$pdf->Ln();
$pdf->SetFont('Arial', '', 12);
$pdf->Cell(40, 10, '张三');
$pdf->Cell(40, 10, '25');
$pdf->Ln();
$pdf->Cell(40, 10, '李四');
$pdf->Cell(40, 10, '30');
$pdf->Output();
?>

Conclusion:
This article introduces the relevant knowledge points of data visualization and report generation in PHP, and provides specific code examples. By mastering this knowledge, you can implement various types of data visualization and report generation functions in PHP projects. I hope it will be helpful to your study and practice!

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