PHP-FPM performance optimization: speed up your website response time

PHP-FPM Performance Optimization: Accelerate your website response time

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet, website performance has become a factor in user experience and One of the important factors in search engine rankings. As a commonly used language for website development, the performance optimization of PHP is particularly important. This article will focus on the relevant content of PHP-FPM performance optimization and give specific code examples to help you speed up the response time of your website.

1. Use the latest version of PHP and PHP-FPM
First, make sure that the latest version of PHP and PHP-FPM have been installed on your server. New versions usually fix some bugs and optimize some performance issues, so your website may have some performance improvements after the upgrade.

2. Optimize PHP-FPM configuration

1. Adjust the number of PHP processes
   One of the key parameters of PHP-FPM is pm.max_children, which controls The maximum number of PHP processes. Depending on your server configuration and website traffic, adjusting this parameter appropriately will improve performance. If your server is a shared hosting, it is recommended to set it to a smaller value (such as 16) to prevent resource competition. If it is an independent server, it can be adjusted to a larger value according to the actual situation to improve concurrent processing capabilities.
2. Use Unix socket instead of TCP socket
   By default, PHP-FPM uses TCP socket to communicate with the web server. However, using Unix sockets can lead to better performance because it avoids the overhead of network communication. Modify the listen parameter to a value similar to listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock, and then modify the request parameters accordingly in the web server configuration , you can realize the use of Unix socket.
3. Enable opcache
   Opcache is a built-in caching module of PHP, which can greatly improve the execution speed of PHP scripts. Open your PHP configuration file (usually php.ini), find the following lines and uncomment them (if any):

zend_extension=opcache.so
opcache.enable=1
opcache.enable_cli=1

Then, restart the PHP-FPM service for the changes to take effect.

3. Optimize PHP code
In addition to adjusting the configuration of PHP-FPM, optimizing the PHP code itself is also an important step in improving performance. Some common optimization techniques and corresponding code examples are given below.

1. Reduce database queries
   Database queries are usually one of the bottlenecks of website performance. Therefore, we should try to reduce unnecessary queries. For example, you can use cache to save query results to avoid repeated queries; or use the UNION operation to merge multiple queries to reduce the number of database accesses.
2. Use cache
   Use cache to store some frequently used data, which can avoid repeated calculation processes and improve the response speed of the website. Here is an example of using Redis as a cache:

// 连接Redis服务器
$redis = new Redis();
$redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379);

// 尝试从缓存中读取数据
$data = $redis->get('cached_data');

if (!$data) {
    // 缓存中不存在数据，则运行昂贵的计算过程
    $data = expensive_calculation();

    // 将数据存入缓存
    $redis->set('cached_data', $data);
}

// 输出数据
echo $data;

3. Use appropriate data structures and algorithms
   To write efficient PHP code, you need to choose appropriate data structures and algorithms. For example, use a hash table to quickly find data, use binary search to speed up the search for ordered data, etc. The following is an example of using binary search:

function binary_search($arr, $target) {
    $left = 0;
    $right = count($arr) - 1;
    
    while ($left <= $right) {
        $mid = floor(($left + $right) / 2);
        
        if ($arr[$mid] == $target) {
            return $mid;
        } elseif ($arr[$mid] < $target) {
            $left = $mid + 1;
        } else {
            $right = $mid - 1;
        }
    }
    
    return -1;
}

Summary:
PHP-FPM performance optimization is an important part of accelerating website response time. By adjusting PHP-FPM configuration and optimizing PHP code, we can significantly improve the performance of the website and provide a better user experience. This article introduces some optimization methods and specific code examples, hoping to be helpful to your website optimization work. Let's work together for faster website response!

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