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抛开cookie使用sessionPHP中SESSION不能跨页传递问题的解决办法
在PHP中使用过SESSION的朋友可能会碰到这么一个问题,SESSION变量不能跨页传递。这令我苦恼了好些日子,最终通过查资料思考并解决了这个问题。我认为,出现这个问题的原因有以下几点:
1、客户端禁用了cookie
2、浏览器出现问题,暂时无法存取cookie
3、php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 0或者编译时没有打开--enable-trans-sid选项
为什么会这样呢?下面我解释一下:
Session储存于服务器端(默认以文件方式存储session),根据客户端提供的session id来得到用户的文件,取得变量的值,session id可以使用客户端的Cookie或者Http1.1协议的Query_String(就是访问的URL的“?”后面的部分)来传送给服务器,然后服务器读取Session的目录……。也就是说,session id是取得存储在服务上的session变量的身份证。当代码session_start();运行的时候,就在服务器上产生了一个session文件,随之也产生了与之唯一对应的一个session id,定义session变量以一定形式存储在刚才产生的session文件中。通过session id,可以取出定义的变量。跨页后,为了使用session,你必须又执行session_start();将又会产生一个session文件,与之对应产生相应的session id,用这个session id是取不出前面提到的第一个session文件中的变量的,因为这个session id不是打开它的“钥匙”。如果在session_start();之前加代码session_id($session id);将不产生新的session文件,直接读取与这个id对应的session文件。
PHP中的session在默认情况下是使用客户端的Cookie来保存session id的,所以当客户端的cookie出现问题的时候就会影响session了。必须注意的是:session不一定必须依赖cookie,这也是session相比cookie的高明之处。当客户端的Cookie被禁用或出现问题时,PHP会自动把session id附着在URL中,这样再通过session id就能跨页使用session变量了。但这种附着也是有一定条件的,即“php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 1或者编译时打开打开了--enable-trans-sid选项”。
明白了以上的道理,现在我们来抛开cookie使用session,主要途径有三条:
1、设置php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 1或者编译时打开打开了--enable-trans-sid选项,让PHP自动跨页传递session id。
2、手动通过URL传值、隐藏表单传递session id。
3、用文件、数据库等形式保存session_id,在跨页过程中手动调用。
通过例子来说明吧:
s1.php
session_start();
$_SESSION['var1']="中华人民共和国";
$url="下一页";
echo $url;
?>
s2.php
session_start();
echo "传递的session变量var1的值为:".$_SESSION['var1'];
?>
运行以上代码,在客户端cookie正常的情况下,应该可以在得到结果“中华人民共和国”。
现在你手动关闭客户端的cookie,再运行,可能得不到结果了吧。如果得不到结果,再“设置php.ini中的session.use_trans_sid = 1或者编译时打开打开了--enable-trans-sid选项”,又得到结果“中华人民共和国”
这也就是上面所说的途径1。
下面再说途径2:
修改的代码如下:
s1.php
session_start();
$_SESSION['var1']="中华人民共和国";
$sn = session_id();
$url="下一页";
echo $url;
?>
s2.php
session_id($_GET['s']);
session_start();
echo "传递的session变量var1的值为:".$_SESSION['var1'];
?>
办法3还是通过例子来说明:
login.html
请登录:
mylogin1.php
$name=$_POST['name'];
$pass=$_POST['pass'];
if(!$name || !$pass) {
echo "用户名或密码为空,请重新登录";
die();
}
if (!($name=="laogong" && $pass=="123")) {
echo "用户名或密码不正确,请重新登录";
die();
}
//注册用户
ob_start();
session_start();
$_SESSION['user']= $name;
$psid=session_id();
$fp=fopen("e:\\tmp\\phpsid.txt","w+");
fwrite($fp,$psid);
fclose($fp);
//身份验证成功,进行相关操作
echo "已登录
";
echo "下一页";
?>
mylogin2.php
$fp=fopen("e:\\tmp\\phpsid.txt","r");
$sid=fread($fp,1024);
fclose($fp);
session_id($sid);
session_start();
if(isset($_SESSION['user']) && $_SESSION['user']="laogong" ) {
echo "已登录!";
}
else {
//成功登录进行相关操作
echo "未登录,无权访问";
echo "请登录后浏览";
die();
}
?>
同样请关闭cookie测试,用户名:laogong 密码:123 这是通过文件保存session id的,文件是:e:\tmp\phpsid.txt,请根据自己的系统决定文件名或路径。
至于用数据库的方法,我就不举例子了,与文件的方法类似。
总结一下,上面的方法有一个共同点,就是在前一页取得session id,然后想办法传到下一页,在下一页的session_start();代码之前加代码session_id(传过来的session id);
注:本人测试环境:Win2K Sever Aapache 1.3.31 PHP 4.3.4
另外,lidm在类unix系统上也测试通过

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