How to manage database connections and queries in PHP microservices

How to manage database connections and queries in PHP microservices

When developing PHP microservices, database connections and queries are a very important part. Properly managing database connections and queries can improve code maintainability and performance. This article will introduce how to correctly manage database connections and queries in PHP microservices, and provide specific code examples.

1. Use PDO extension
   PDO (PHP Data Object) is a built-in database extension of PHP that can provide a unified interface for a variety of databases. Using PDO can seamlessly switch between different databases without modifying a lot of code. Before using PDO, you need to ensure that the relevant database driver has been installed.

The following is an example of using PDO to connect to a MySQL database:

$dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test;charset=utf8';
$username = 'root';
$password = '';

try {
    $db = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
    $db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
} catch (PDOException $e) {
    echo '连接数据库失败：' . $e->getMessage();
}

2. Use singleton mode to manage database connections
   In PHP microservices, we often need to use Database connection to execute multiple queries. In order to avoid repeatedly creating database connections, you can use the singleton pattern to manage database connections.

The following is a simple database connection singleton example:

class Database
{
    private static $instance;
    private $db;

    private function __construct()
    {
        $dsn = 'mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test;charset=utf8';
        $username = 'root';
        $password = '';

        try {
            $this->db = new PDO($dsn, $username, $password);
            $this->db->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
        } catch (PDOException $e) {
            echo '连接数据库失败：' . $e->getMessage();
        }
    }

    public static function getInstance()
    {
        if (!self::$instance) {
            self::$instance = new self();
        }

        return self::$instance;
    }

    public function getDB()
    {
        return $this->db;
    }
}

// 使用方式
$db = Database::getInstance()->getDB();

3. Use prepared statements to execute queries
   When executing database queries, you should use prepared statements Instead of splicing SQL statements directly. Prepared statements can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks and improve query performance.

The following is an example of using PDO prepared statements to execute queries:

$username = 'admin';
$password = '123456';

// 预处理语句
$stmt = $db->prepare('SELECT * FROM users WHERE username = :username AND password = :password');
$stmt->bindParam(':username', $username);
$stmt->bindParam(':password', $password);

// 执行查询
$stmt->execute();

// 获取查询结果
$result = $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC);

// 处理查询结果
foreach ($result as $row) {
    // ...
}

In summary, correctly managing database connections and queries is very important for the development of PHP microservices. Using PDO extensions to connect to the database and using the singleton pattern to manage database connections can improve the maintainability and performance of the code. At the same time, using prepared statements to execute queries can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks and improve query performance. I hope this article can help you better manage database connections and queries in PHP microservices.

Please note that the above sample code is for demonstration purposes only. Please adjust and optimize it according to the actual situation during actual development.

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