


Golang development: Real-time chat application using Websocket
In today's Internet era, real-time communication has become an indispensable part of people's lives. Whether it is instant messaging, real-time chat or real-time updates, an efficient and stable communication method is required to achieve it. Websocket is a protocol that is very suitable for real-time communication.
Golang is a simple and efficient programming language with excellent concurrency performance and is very suitable for developing real-time communication applications. This article will introduce how to use Golang's Websocket library to implement a real-time chat application and provide corresponding code examples.
First, we need to create a Golang project and introduce Golang's Websocket library.
package main import ( "log" "net/http" "github.com/gorilla/websocket" )
Next, we need to define some global variables and structures.
var clients = make(map[*websocket.Conn]bool) // 客户端集合 var broadcast = make(chan Message) // 广播消息通道 // 消息结构体 type Message struct { Username string `json:"username"` Message string `json:"message"` }
Then, we need to implement a function that handles Websocket connections.
func handleWebSocket(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) { // 升级HTTP连接为Websocket连接 upgrader := websocket.Upgrader{} conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } // 将连接添加到客户端集合中 clients[conn] = true // 关闭连接时,从客户端集合中移除 defer func() { delete(clients, conn) conn.Close() }() // 循环接收和发送消息 for { var message Message err := conn.ReadJSON(&message) if err != nil { log.Printf("error: %v", err) delete(clients, conn) break } broadcast <- message } }
Next, we need to implement a function that broadcasts the message to all clients.
func broadcastMessages() { for { // 从广播通道中接收消息 message := <-broadcast // 将消息发送给所有客户端 for client := range clients { err := client.WriteJSON(message) if err != nil { log.Printf("error: %v", err) client.Close() delete(clients, client) } } } }
Finally, we need to start the Websocket server in the main function.
func main() { // 设置静态文件目录 fs := http.FileServer(http.Dir("public")) http.Handle("/", fs) // 设置Websocket路由 http.HandleFunc("/ws", handleWebSocket) // 启动Websocket服务器 go broadcastMessages() // 开始监听端口 log.Println("Server started on :8080") err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil) if err != nil { log.Fatal(err) } }
Next, we can create an HTML page to implement the user interface.
<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>实时聊天应用</title> </head> <body> <h1 id="实时聊天应用">实时聊天应用</h1> <div id="message-container"></div> <form> <input type="text" id="username" placeholder="请输入用户名"> <input type="text" id="message" placeholder="请输入消息"> <button type="button" onclick="sendMessage()">发送</button> </form> <script> // 创建Websocket连接 var socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8080/ws"); // 监听连接事件 socket.onopen = function() { console.log("连接成功"); }; // 监听消息事件 socket.onmessage = function(event) { var message = JSON.parse(event.data); var username = message.username; var content = message.message; var container = document.getElementById("message-container"); container.innerHTML += "<p><b>" + username + ":</b>" + content + "</p>"; }; // 监听错误事件 socket.onerror = function(error) { console.log("出现错误:" + error); } // 监听关闭事件 socket.onclose = function(event) { console.log("连接关闭"); } // 发送消息 function sendMessage() { var username = document.getElementById("username").value; var message = document.getElementById("message").value; if (username && message) { var data = { username: username, message: message }; socket.send(JSON.stringify(data)); document.getElementById("message").value = ""; } } </script> </body> </html>
So far, we have completed an example of using Golang's Websocket library to implement a real-time chat application. Through this example, we can deeply understand the working principle of Websocket and learn how to use Golang to develop real-time communication applications.
Of course, there are many details and security considerations in actual projects, such as verifying messages, using SSL encryption, etc. But with this example, you already have a good starting point for building your own live chat application. Happy coding!
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