SQL注入
SQL注入攻击是黑客攻击网站最常用的手段。如果你的站点没有使用严格的用户输入检验,那么常容易遭到SQL注入攻击。SQL注入攻击通常通过给站点数据库提交不良的数据或查询语句来实现,很可能使数据库中的纪录遭到暴露,更改或被删除。下面来谈谈SQL注入攻击是如何实现的,又如何防范。
看这个例子:
// supposed input
$name = “ilia’; DELETE FROM users;”;
mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM users WHERE name=’{$name}’”);
很明显最后数据库执行的命令是:
SELECT * FROM users WHERE name=ilia; DELETE FROM users
这就给数据库带来了灾难性的后果--所有记录都被删除了。
不过如果你使用的数据库是MySQL,那么还好,mysql_query()函数不允许直接执行这样的操作(不能单行进行多个语句操作),所以你可以放心。如果你使用的数据库是SQLite或者PostgreSQL,支持这样的语句,那么就将面临灭顶之灾了。
上面提到,SQL注入主要是提交不安全的数据给数据库来达到攻击目的。为了防止SQL注入攻击,PHP自带一个功能可以对输入的字符串进行处理,可以在较底层对输入进行安全上的初步处理,也即Magic Quotes。(php.ini magic_quotes_gpc)。如果magic_quotes_gpc选项启用,那么输入的字符串中的单引号,双引号和其它一些字符前将会被自动加上反斜杠\。
但Magic Quotes并不是一个很通用的解决方案,没能屏蔽所有有潜在危险的字符,并且在许多服务器上Magic Quotes并没有被启用。所以,我们还需要使用其它多种方法来防止SQL注入。
许多数据库本身就提供这种输入数据处理功能。例如PHP的MySQL操作函数中有一个叫mysql_real_escape_string()的函数,可将特殊字符和可能引起数据库操作出错的字符转义。
看这段代码:
//如果Magic Quotes功用启用
if (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) {
$name = stripslashes($name);
}else{
$name = mysql_real_escape_string($name);
}
mysql_query(“SELECT * FROM users WHERE name=’{$name}’”);
注意,在我们使用数据库所带的功能之前要判断一下Magic Quotes是否打开,就像上例中那样,否则两次重复处理就会出错。如果MQ已启用,我们要把加上的\去掉才得到真实数据。
除了对以上字符串形式的数据进行预处理之外,储存Binary数据到数据库中时,也要注意进行预处理。否则数据可能与数据库自身的存储格式相冲突,引起数据库崩溃,数据记录丢失,甚至丢失整个库的数据。有些数据库如PostgreSQL,提供一个专门用来编码二进制数据的函数pg_escape_bytea(),它可以对数据进行类似于Base64那样的编码。
如:
// for plain-text data use:
pg_escape_string($regular_strings);
// for binary data use:
pg_escape_bytea($binary_data);
另一种情况下,我们也要采用这样的机制。那就是数据库系统本身不支持的多字节语言如中文,日语等。其中有些的ASCII范围和二进制数据的范围重叠。
不过对数据进行编码将有可能导致像LIKE abc% 这样的查询语句失效。

What’s still popular is the ease of use, flexibility and a strong ecosystem. 1) Ease of use and simple syntax make it the first choice for beginners. 2) Closely integrated with web development, excellent interaction with HTTP requests and database. 3) The huge ecosystem provides a wealth of tools and libraries. 4) Active community and open source nature adapts them to new needs and technology trends.

PHP and Python are both high-level programming languages that are widely used in web development, data processing and automation tasks. 1.PHP is often used to build dynamic websites and content management systems, while Python is often used to build web frameworks and data science. 2.PHP uses echo to output content, Python uses print. 3. Both support object-oriented programming, but the syntax and keywords are different. 4. PHP supports weak type conversion, while Python is more stringent. 5. PHP performance optimization includes using OPcache and asynchronous programming, while Python uses cProfile and asynchronous programming.

PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.

PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.

PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.

PHP remains important in the modernization process because it supports a large number of websites and applications and adapts to development needs through frameworks. 1.PHP7 improves performance and introduces new features. 2. Modern frameworks such as Laravel, Symfony and CodeIgniter simplify development and improve code quality. 3. Performance optimization and best practices further improve application efficiency.

PHPhassignificantlyimpactedwebdevelopmentandextendsbeyondit.1)ItpowersmajorplatformslikeWordPressandexcelsindatabaseinteractions.2)PHP'sadaptabilityallowsittoscaleforlargeapplicationsusingframeworkslikeLaravel.3)Beyondweb,PHPisusedincommand-linescrip

PHP type prompts to improve code quality and readability. 1) Scalar type tips: Since PHP7.0, basic data types are allowed to be specified in function parameters, such as int, float, etc. 2) Return type prompt: Ensure the consistency of the function return value type. 3) Union type prompt: Since PHP8.0, multiple types are allowed to be specified in function parameters or return values. 4) Nullable type prompt: Allows to include null values and handle functions that may return null values.


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