search
HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial利用PHP编程防范XSS跨站脚本攻击_PHP

利用PHP编程防范XSS跨站脚本攻击_PHP

Jun 01, 2016 pm 12:29 PM
searchvaluseattackprogrammingScriptprecaution

国内不少论坛都存在跨站脚本漏洞,国外也很多这样的例子,甚至Google也出现过,不过在12月初时修正了。(编者注:关于跨站脚本漏洞攻击,读者可参阅《详解XSS跨站脚本攻击》)。跨站攻击很容易就可以构造,而且非常隐蔽,不易被查觉(通常盗取信息后马上跳转回原页面)。

  如何攻击,在此不作说明(也不要问我),主要谈谈如何防范。首先,跨站脚本攻击都是由于对用户的输入没有进行严格的过滤造成的,所以我们必须在所有数据进入我们的网站和数据库之前把可能的危险拦截。针对非法的HTML代码包括单双引号等,可以使用htmlentities() 。

<?php
$str = "A 'quote' is <b>bold</b>";

// Outputs: A 'quote' is bold
echo htmlentities($str);

// Outputs: A 'quote' is bold
echo htmlentities($str, ENT_QUOTES);
?>

  这样可以使非法的脚本失效。

  但是要注意一点,htmlentities()默认编码为 ISO-8859-1,如果你的非法脚本编码为其它,那么可能无法过滤掉,同时浏览器却可以识别和执行。这个问题我先找几个站点测试后再说。

  这里提供一个过滤非法脚本的函数:

function RemoveXSS($val) {
 // remove all non-printable characters. CR(0a) and LF(0b) and TAB(9) are allowed
 // this prevents some character re-spacing such as <java\0script>
 // note that you have to handle splits with \n, \r, and \t later since they *are* allowed in some inputs
 $val = preg_replace('/([\x00-\x08][\x0b-\x0c][\x0e-\x20])/', '', $val);

 // straight replacements, the user should never need these since they're normal characters
 // this prevents like <IMG SRC=@avascript:a&
    _#X6Cert('XSS')>
 $search = 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz';
 $search .= 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
 $search .= '1234567890!@#$%^&*()';
 $search .= '~`";:? /={}[]-_|\'\\';
 for ($i = 0; $i < strlen($search); $i ) {
  // ;? matches the ;, which is optional
  // 0{0,7} matches any padded zeros, which are optional and go up to 8 chars

  // @ @ search for the hex values
  $val = preg_replace('/([x|X]0{0,8}'.dechex(ord($search[$i])).';?)/i', $search[$i], $val); // with a ;
  // @ @ 0{0,7} matches '0' zero to seven times
  $val = preg_replace('/({0,8}'.ord($search[$i]).';?)/', $search[$i], $val); // with a ;
 }

 // now the only remaining whitespace attacks are \t, \n, and \r
 $ra1 = Array('javascript', 'vbscript', 'expression', 'applet', 'meta', 'xml', 'blink', 'link', 'style', 'script', 'embed', 'object', 'iframe', 'frame', 'frameset', 'ilayer', 'layer', 'bgsound', 'title', 'base');
$ra2 = Array('onabort', 'onactivate', 'onafterprint', 'onafterupdate', 'onbeforeactivate', 'onbeforecopy', 'onbeforecut', 'onbeforedeactivate', 'onbeforeeditfocus', 'onbeforepaste', 'onbeforeprint', 'onbeforeunload', 'onbeforeupdate', 'onblur', 'onbounce', 'oncellchange', 'onchange', 'onclick', 'oncontextmenu', 'oncontrolselect', 'oncopy', 'oncut', 'ondataavailable', 'ondatasetchanged', 'ondatasetcomplete', 'ondblclick', 'ondeactivate', 'ondrag', 'ondragend', 'ondragenter', 'ondragleave', 'ondragover', 'ondragstart', 'ondrop', 'onerror', 'onerrorupdate', 'onfilterchange', 'onfinish', 'onfocus', 'onfocusin', 'onfocusout', 'onhelp', 'onkeydown', 'onkeypress', 'onkeyup', 'onlayoutcomplete', 'onload', 'onlosecapture', 'onmousedown', 'onmouseenter', 'onmouseleave', 'onmousemove', 'onmouseout', 'onmouseover', 'onmouseup', 'onmousewheel', 'onmove', 'onmoveend', 'onmovestart', 'onpaste', 'onpropertychange', 'onreadystatechange', 'onreset', 'onresize', 'onresizeend', 'onresizestart', 'onrowenter', 'onrowexit', 'onrowsdelete', 'onrowsinserted', 'onscroll', 'onselect', 'onselectionchange', 'onselectstart', 'onstart', 'onstop', 'onsubmit', 'onunload');
 $ra = array_merge($ra1, $ra2);

 $found = true; // keep replacing as long as the previous round replaced something
 while ($found == true) {
  $val_before = $val;
  for ($i = 0; $i < sizeof($ra); $i ) {
   $pattern = '/';
   for ($j = 0; $j < strlen($ra[$i]); $j ) {
    if ($j > 0) {
     $pattern .= '(';
     $pattern .= '([x|X]0{0,8}([9][a][b]);?)?';
     $pattern .= '|({0,8}([9][10][13]);?)?';
     $pattern .= ')?';
    }
   $pattern .= $ra[$i][$j];
  }
  $pattern .= '/i';
  $replacement = substr($ra[$i], 0, 2).'<x>'.substr($ra[$i], 2); // add in <> to nerf the tag
  $val = preg_replace($pattern, $replacement, $val); // filter out the hex tags
  if ($val_before == $val) {
   // no replacements were made, so exit the loop
   $found = false;
  }
 }
}
}
Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
PHP Performance Tuning for High Traffic WebsitesPHP Performance Tuning for High Traffic WebsitesMay 14, 2025 am 12:13 AM

ThesecrettokeepingaPHP-poweredwebsiterunningsmoothlyunderheavyloadinvolvesseveralkeystrategies:1)ImplementopcodecachingwithOPcachetoreducescriptexecutiontime,2)UsedatabasequerycachingwithRedistolessendatabaseload,3)LeverageCDNslikeCloudflareforservin

Dependency Injection in PHP: Code Examples for BeginnersDependency Injection in PHP: Code Examples for BeginnersMay 14, 2025 am 12:08 AM

You should care about DependencyInjection(DI) because it makes your code clearer and easier to maintain. 1) DI makes it more modular by decoupling classes, 2) improves the convenience of testing and code flexibility, 3) Use DI containers to manage complex dependencies, but pay attention to performance impact and circular dependencies, 4) The best practice is to rely on abstract interfaces to achieve loose coupling.

PHP Performance: is it possible to optimize the application?PHP Performance: is it possible to optimize the application?May 14, 2025 am 12:04 AM

Yes,optimizingaPHPapplicationispossibleandessential.1)ImplementcachingusingAPCutoreducedatabaseload.2)Optimizedatabaseswithindexing,efficientqueries,andconnectionpooling.3)Enhancecodewithbuilt-infunctions,avoidingglobalvariables,andusingopcodecaching

PHP Performance Optimization: The Ultimate GuidePHP Performance Optimization: The Ultimate GuideMay 14, 2025 am 12:02 AM

ThekeystrategiestosignificantlyboostPHPapplicationperformanceare:1)UseopcodecachinglikeOPcachetoreduceexecutiontime,2)Optimizedatabaseinteractionswithpreparedstatementsandproperindexing,3)ConfigurewebserverslikeNginxwithPHP-FPMforbetterperformance,4)

PHP Dependency Injection Container: A Quick StartPHP Dependency Injection Container: A Quick StartMay 13, 2025 am 12:11 AM

APHPDependencyInjectionContainerisatoolthatmanagesclassdependencies,enhancingcodemodularity,testability,andmaintainability.Itactsasacentralhubforcreatingandinjectingdependencies,thusreducingtightcouplingandeasingunittesting.

Dependency Injection vs. Service Locator in PHPDependency Injection vs. Service Locator in PHPMay 13, 2025 am 12:10 AM

Select DependencyInjection (DI) for large applications, ServiceLocator is suitable for small projects or prototypes. 1) DI improves the testability and modularity of the code through constructor injection. 2) ServiceLocator obtains services through center registration, which is convenient but may lead to an increase in code coupling.

PHP performance optimization strategies.PHP performance optimization strategies.May 13, 2025 am 12:06 AM

PHPapplicationscanbeoptimizedforspeedandefficiencyby:1)enablingopcacheinphp.ini,2)usingpreparedstatementswithPDOfordatabasequeries,3)replacingloopswitharray_filterandarray_mapfordataprocessing,4)configuringNginxasareverseproxy,5)implementingcachingwi

PHP Email Validation: Ensuring Emails Are Sent CorrectlyPHP Email Validation: Ensuring Emails Are Sent CorrectlyMay 13, 2025 am 12:06 AM

PHPemailvalidationinvolvesthreesteps:1)Formatvalidationusingregularexpressionstochecktheemailformat;2)DNSvalidationtoensurethedomainhasavalidMXrecord;3)SMTPvalidation,themostthoroughmethod,whichchecksifthemailboxexistsbyconnectingtotheSMTPserver.Impl

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SecLists

SecLists

SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

MantisBT

MantisBT

Mantis is an easy-to-deploy web-based defect tracking tool designed to aid in product defect tracking. It requires PHP, MySQL and a web server. Check out our demo and hosting services.

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use