PHP有很多与文件系统相关的函数,不仅可以帮助你打开文件,还可以显示目录内容、移动文件等。很多人甚至使用PHP写出了基于Web的文件管理器。
首先需要提醒一些关于文件路径的东西:在Windows你可以在文件路径中使用斜线“/”或反斜线“\”,而其他操作系统仅使用”/”。出于兼容性考虑,以下实例使用“/”的表示方法:
下面的简单脚本显示了一个基本的目录列表。注释在代码中并解释了每一步:
/* 在变量 $dir_name中给出希望访问的目录完整路径*/
$dir_name = "/home/me/";
/* 创建句柄,打开给定目录的结果*/
$dir = opendir($dir_name);
/* 启动一段文本添加到将要放置列表元素(文件名)的地方 */
$file_list = "
- ";
- $file_name";
}
}
/* 终结列表 */
$file_list .= "
/* 使用while语句,读取所打开目录的所有元素。如果文件名既非“.”及“..”则在列表中输出文件名*/
while ($file_name = readdir($dir)) {
if (($file_name != ".") && ($file_name != "..")) {
$file_list .= "
/* 关闭打开的目录句柄并结束PHP代码段*/
closedir($dir);
?>
Files in: echo "$dir_name"; ?>
echo "$file_list"; ?>
恭喜,这时已经有了一个目录列表。需要记住,要读取目录或文件(马上你会见到)中的内容用户所在的PHP运行平台必须至少对目录或文件有read权限。
以下例子为如何复制文件:
/* 将需要复制的文件路径放入变量$original,复制的目标路径放入变量$copied */
$original = "/home/me/mydatabasedump";
$copied = "/archive/mydatabasedumo_1010";
/* 使用函数copy() 复制源文件至目的地,或以输出错误信息结束*/
@copy($original, $copied) or die("Couldn't copy file.");
?>
示例脚本是备份系统的第一步。当脚本运行时,出于安全考虑它先将数据库复制到不同地点。通过对crontab的修改,你可以在选定时间执行此文件而无需用户介入。
假设系统上已有Lynx,你可以创建crontab入口以运行Lynx并访问文件。访问文件将运行脚本并创建复制文件。以下例子将在早晨5点运行脚本,然后关闭Lynx:
0 5 * * * [username] lynx -dump http://localhost/copyfile.php 1>/dev/null 2>&1
如果你运行的是PHP的CGI版本,你可以跳过Lynx部分并参考二进制文件:
0 5 * * * [username] php /path/to/copyfile.php 1>/dev/null 2>&1
--------------------------------------------
本文作者:Julie Meloni 是i2i Interactive的技术主管,及Linux和开放源代码社区的大力推动者。她撰写了很多关于PHP及其他技术的书籍,并成为对CNET Builder.com具有长期贡献的专家。

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