How to experience the new features of PHP8 by actually writing code

PHP is a widely used server-side scripting language that is used to implement dynamic websites and web applications. PHP 8 is the latest version of PHP, which brings many new features and improvements, allowing developers to write code more efficiently and conveniently. This article will experience the new features of PHP 8 from the perspective of actual writing code.

First of all, PHP 8 introduces the JIT (just-in-time compilation) function, which significantly improves the execution speed of PHP code. We can compare the performance of the two by using JIT. First, we create a simple loop that calculates the sum of all numbers from 1 to 100000:

function sumOfNumbers() {
    $sum = 0;
    for ($i = 1; $i <= 100000; $i++) {
        $sum += $i;
    }
    return $sum;
}

$start = microtime(true);

// 在代码前面添加 JIT 引导代码
opcache_compile_file(__FILE__);

echo sumOfNumbers();

$end = microtime(true);
echo '代码执行时间：' . ($end - $start) . '秒';

Then, we can compare the efficiency by enabling JIT in PHP 8. Just add the following code to the top of the code:

ini_set('opcache.jit_buffer_size', '100M');
ini_set('opcache.jit', 'tracing');

Run the code and we will find that the execution is significantly faster with JIT enabled.

Secondly, PHP 8 also introduces the features of named parameters and parameter type relaxation. These features make function calls more flexible and readable. Let's look at an example, let's say we have a function that calculates the addition of two numbers:

function addNumbers(int $a, int $b): int {
    return $a + $b;
}

In previous versions of PHP, we could only call the function like this:

$result = addNumbers(5, 10);

But in PHP 8, we can use named parameters to express the meaning of the function's parameters more clearly:

$result = addNumbers(a: 5, b: 10);

This makes the code more readable, especially when the function has multiple parameters.

In addition, PHP 8 also introduces anonymous classes and more object-oriented programming features. Anonymous classes allow us to create a temporary class without defining the class's namespace. This is useful for temporary operations. Here is an example of an anonymous class:

$person = new class {
    private string $name;

    public function __construct(string $name) {
        $this->name = $name;
    }

    public function greet() {
        echo "Hello, $this->name!";
    }
};

$person->greet();

PHP 8 also introduces a new access modifier - final, which can be used for classes, properties and methods. Use the final modifier to prevent other classes from inheriting or overriding the methods of the parent class. This is very helpful in ensuring the stability and security of your code. For example:

class ParentClass {
    final public function doSomething() {
        echo "Parent class method";
    }
}

class ChildClass extends ParentClass {
    // 这会导致致命错误，因为父类的方法已被标记为 final
    public function doSomething() {
        echo "Child class method";
    }
}

In addition, PHP 8 also provides more tools and functions to simplify the development process, such as str_contains()The function is used to determine whether a string contains a specified substring, get_debug_type() function is used to obtain the type information of variables, etc. These new features make writing and debugging code more convenient and efficient.

In short, PHP 8 brings many new features and improvements. By actually writing code to experience these new features, we can feel the improvement in the convenience and efficiency of PHP development. Whether it is accelerating code execution through JIT, or improving code readability and flexibility through named parameters and relaxed parameter types, PHP 8 provides developers with more tools and choices. Through continuous learning and practice, we can better master and apply these new features to make our PHP code more outstanding and efficient.

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