Cluster technology and load balancing technology: differences and applicable scenarios of MySQL master-slave replication

Cluster technology and load balancing technology: differences and applicable scenarios of MySQL master-slave replication

Introduction:
In recent years, with the rapid development of Internet applications, High availability and performance of databases have become the focus of enterprises. In order to meet the needs of large-scale access and high concurrency, database cluster technology and load balancing technology emerged as the times require. As one of the most popular open source databases, MySQL's master-slave replication is one of the important ways to achieve database high availability and load balancing. However, there are differences in the specific implementation methods and applicable scenarios of master-slave replication. This article will discuss the differences and applicable scenarios from the aspects of cluster technology, load balancing technology and MySQL master-slave replication.

1. Overview of cluster technology
A database cluster connects multiple independent database servers into a whole through the network to jointly provide services to the outside world. Cluster technology increases the fault tolerance and scalability of the system and improves the availability and performance of the system by distributing data across multiple nodes. Common database cluster technologies include MySQL Cluster, Galera Cluster, etc.

2. Overview of Load Balancing Technology
Load balancing technology improves system performance and availability by evenly distributing service requests to multiple servers. Load balancing technology can be divided into two methods: four-layer load balancing and seven-layer load balancing. Four-layer load balancing performs load balancing based on IP addresses and port numbers, while seven-layer load balancing can perform load balancing based on application layer protocols (such as HTTP, HTTPS, etc.).

3. MySQL master-slave replication
MySQL master-slave replication refers to using one MySQL database instance as the master database and copying data to one or more slave databases. The master library is responsible for processing write requests, and the slave library is responsible for processing read requests. Master-slave replication implements synchronous data replication through binary logs (binlog) and relay logs (relay log). Master-slave replication can improve system read performance, increase data redundancy, and realize data backup and recovery.

4. Differences in master-slave replication
There are obvious differences between MySQL master-slave replication and database cluster technology and load balancing technology. First of all, master-slave replication is mainly used to share read requests, while database cluster technology and load balancing technology can share read and write requests at the same time. Secondly, the replication granularity of master-slave replication is at the database instance level, while database cluster technology can divide data into multiple nodes. Finally, master-slave replication requires manual configuration and monitoring, while database cluster technology and load balancing technology can automatically perform load balancing and failover.

5. Applicable scenarios for master-slave replication
Master-slave replication can still play an important role in some scenarios. First of all, master-slave replication is suitable for application scenarios that require more reading and less writing, such as product display on e-commerce websites. Secondly, master-slave replication is suitable for data synchronization in distributed systems and can be used to achieve data consistency. Finally, master-slave replication is suitable for disaster recovery and backup recovery, and can provide data redundancy and disaster recovery capabilities.

6. Summary
Database cluster technology, load balancing technology and MySQL master-slave replication are important ways to achieve database high availability and load balancing, but there are differences in specific implementation methods and applicable scenarios. Selecting appropriate technical solutions based on actual needs can effectively improve system availability and performance.

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