Exclusive high availability: the advantages of combining MySQL master-slave replication and cluster technology

Exclusive high availability: The advantages of combining MySQL master-slave replication and cluster technology

Introduction:
In today's Internet era, high availability has become a database system design an integral part of. In order to solve the potential failure problem of a single database node, the combination of MySQL master-slave replication and cluster technology has become a common solution. This article will explore the advantages of combining MySQL master-slave replication with cluster technology, and provide relevant code examples.

1. The principles and advantages of MySQL master-slave replication
MySQL master-slave replication is a commonly used failure recovery and data backup solution. It achieves the purpose of data synchronization by recording the operations of the master database in binary logs, and then applying these logs to the slave database. The advantages of master-slave replication include:

1. Failure recovery capability: When the master database fails, it can quickly switch to the slave database to ensure system availability. The secondary database can be used as a hot backup of the primary database to provide fast fault recovery capabilities.
2. Read and write separation: Master-slave replication can distribute read operations to the slave database, thereby reducing the load on the master database. This is particularly important for database applications with high concurrent reads.

Code example:

# 配置主数据库
# my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin

# 配置从数据库
# my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
read-only=1

2. Principles and advantages of MySQL cluster technology
MySQL cluster technology is a way to connect multiple database servers together to form a unified logic Database, improves system availability and performance by sharing data and load balancing. The advantages of MySQL cluster technology include:

1. Disaster tolerance: When a database node fails, other nodes can take over its work to ensure system availability. This disaster recovery capability can be achieved through heartbeat detection and data replication between multiple nodes.
2. Load balancing: MySQL cluster can evenly distribute user requests to various nodes to improve the concurrent processing capabilities and performance of the system. Load balancing can be achieved through the use of proxy servers or load balancers.

Code example:

// 使用Java连接MySQL集群
String url = "jdbc:mysql://node1,node2,node3/database";
Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(url, "username", "password");

3. Combination of MySQL master-slave replication and cluster technology
Combining MySQL master-slave replication with cluster technology can achieve higher availability and scalability. Master-slave replication can provide fast failure recovery and read-write separation functions, while cluster technology can provide disaster recovery and load balancing capabilities. By connecting multiple master-slave replicated slave databases together to form a cluster, data synchronization and load balancing can be achieved between nodes.

Code example:

# 配置MySQL主从复制
# my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=1
log-bin=mysql-bin

# 配置MySQL集群连接
# my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=2
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
read-only=1
binlog-ignore-db=mysql

# 配置MySQL集群负载均衡
# haproxy.cfg
listen mysql-cluster
    bind 0.0.0.0:3306
    mode tcp
    balance roundrobin
    option mysql-check user haproxy_check
    server node1 192.168.1.1:3306 check
    server node2 192.168.1.2:3306 check
    server node3 192.168.1.3:3306 check

Conclusion:
The combination of MySQL master-slave replication and cluster technology can provide a high availability and scalability solution for the system. Through reasonable configuration and management, functions such as fault recovery, read-write separation, disaster recovery, and load balancing can be achieved. Developers can choose appropriate master-slave replication and clustering technologies based on their own needs and system scale, and configure and tune them based on actual conditions.

Attachment: Reference materials

• MySQL official documentation (https://dev.mysql.com/doc/)
• MySQL Replication(https://dev .mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/replication.html)
• MySQL Cluster(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/mysql-cluster.html)

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