PHP是一种非常流行的网站脚本语言,但是它本身所固有的安全性是非常薄弱。本文讲述了PHP增强计划(Hardened-PHP project)和新的Suhosi计划,Suhosin提供了增强的PHP的安全配置。
PHP是带有争论地但又是最流行的一种网站脚本语言。它之所以流行,是因为它低廉的价格,然而,这低廉的价格导致用 PHP写的网站应用程序越来越多的同时也越来越多的展现出PHP本身在安全上的脆弱,这种安全特性显示出PHP是极不可靠,不过同时对这个脚本语言本身而言它又是非常灵活的,使用它就能很容易的实现代码,不过这些代码都是臃肿的且不安全的,虽然是这样它还是一直都拥有很多的使用者。你可以根据实际情况来假设,一次又一次,各种应用软件都体现了这种脆弱性:容易受到SQL注入、跨站脚本、任意执行指令等等的攻击。
因为象safe_mode和open_basedir这样内置的PHP安全措施将被忽略,PHP增强计划创建的PHP更具有安全性,同时也对PHP进行校验检查。最初,这些是由增强的PHP补丁完成的,这些补丁需要修补并重新编译PHP自身。最近,PHP增强计划发布了一个名为Suhosin的新工程。
Sohosin包括有两部分:第一部分是PHP的补丁,这个补丁强化了Zend引擎自身,以免可能产生缓冲溢出,也可以防止相关的弱点。第二部分是Suhosin的扩展,这是一个PHP的独立使用模块。这两部分可以一起工作,或者是扩展部分单独工作。
开发人员不希望为了达到安全性而总去维护他们自己的PHP安装设置和他们当然更喜欢直接使用销售商提供的Linux分布系统上PHP,使用扩展模块能提供更多PHP本身所不能具有的安全特点。
扩展模块很容易安装;它也能通过PECL安装,或者是下载后通过编译安装:
$ tar xvzf suhosin-0.9.17
$ cd suhosin-0.9.17
$ phpize
$ ./configure
$ make
$ sudo make install
为了使用suhosin,还需要增加/etc/php.ini,如下所示:
extension=suhosin.so
对于大部分人来说默认的配置选项已经足够了。为了加强设置,可以在/etc/php.ini中增加相应的值。网站中详细地介绍了有关的各种配置选项,这些说明可以帮助你进行初始化配置。
使用Suhosin,你可以得到一些错误日志,你能把这些日志放到系统日志中,也可以同时写到其他任意的日志文件中去;它还可以为每一个虚拟主机创建黑名单和白名单;可以过滤GET和POST请求、文件上载和cookie。你还能传送加密的会话和cookie,可以设置不能传送的存储上线等等。它不像原始的PHP强化补丁,Suhosin是可以被像Zend Optimizer这样的第三方扩展软件所兼容的。

To protect the application from session-related XSS attacks, the following measures are required: 1. Set the HttpOnly and Secure flags to protect the session cookies. 2. Export codes for all user inputs. 3. Implement content security policy (CSP) to limit script sources. Through these policies, session-related XSS attacks can be effectively protected and user data can be ensured.

Methods to optimize PHP session performance include: 1. Delay session start, 2. Use database to store sessions, 3. Compress session data, 4. Manage session life cycle, and 5. Implement session sharing. These strategies can significantly improve the efficiency of applications in high concurrency environments.

Thesession.gc_maxlifetimesettinginPHPdeterminesthelifespanofsessiondata,setinseconds.1)It'sconfiguredinphp.iniorviaini_set().2)Abalanceisneededtoavoidperformanceissuesandunexpectedlogouts.3)PHP'sgarbagecollectionisprobabilistic,influencedbygc_probabi

In PHP, you can use the session_name() function to configure the session name. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Use the session_name() function to set the session name, such as session_name("my_session"). 2. After setting the session name, call session_start() to start the session. Configuring session names can avoid session data conflicts between multiple applications and enhance security, but pay attention to the uniqueness, security, length and setting timing of session names.

The session ID should be regenerated regularly at login, before sensitive operations, and every 30 minutes. 1. Regenerate the session ID when logging in to prevent session fixed attacks. 2. Regenerate before sensitive operations to improve safety. 3. Regular regeneration reduces long-term utilization risks, but the user experience needs to be weighed.

Setting session cookie parameters in PHP can be achieved through the session_set_cookie_params() function. 1) Use this function to set parameters, such as expiration time, path, domain name, security flag, etc.; 2) Call session_start() to make the parameters take effect; 3) Dynamically adjust parameters according to needs, such as user login status; 4) Pay attention to setting secure and httponly flags to improve security.

The main purpose of using sessions in PHP is to maintain the status of the user between different pages. 1) The session is started through the session_start() function, creating a unique session ID and storing it in the user cookie. 2) Session data is saved on the server, allowing data to be passed between different requests, such as login status and shopping cart content.

How to share a session between subdomains? Implemented by setting session cookies for common domain names. 1. Set the domain of the session cookie to .example.com on the server side. 2. Choose the appropriate session storage method, such as memory, database or distributed cache. 3. Pass the session ID through cookies, and the server retrieves and updates the session data based on the ID.


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