How to monitor and tune MySQL performance? A must-have design protocol guide for technical students!

How to monitor and tune MySQL performance? A must-have design protocol guide for technical students!

Abstract:

MySQL is one of the most commonly used relational database management systems and plays a key role in developing and maintaining large websites and applications. However, as data volume grows and complexity increases, MySQL performance monitoring and tuning becomes increasingly important. This article will introduce some commonly used performance monitoring and tuning techniques, and provide actual code examples and design specifications to help technical students better monitor and tune MySQL performance.

Introduction:

In the development process of modern Internet applications, MySQL database is often one of the key data storage and access tools. Therefore, ensuring the high performance and stability of MySQL is one of the essential tasks for technical students. Before we start to understand in depth how to monitor and tune the performance of MySQL, let us first understand the basic principles and architecture of MySQL.

Code example 1: Create a new MySQL table

CREATE TABLE users (
id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
name VARCHAR(50),
email VARCHAR(100)
);

Code example 2: Insert data into the MySQL table

INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('John Doe', 'john.doe@example.com');
INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ('Jane Smith', 'jane.smith@example.com');

MySQL basic architecture:

MySQL database is composed of multiple components, including Connector (Connection Manager), Query Cache (Query Cache), Parser (Parser), Optimizer (Optimizer), Executor (Executor), etc. Among them, the connector is used to establish a connection with the MySQL server, the parser and optimizer are responsible for parsing and optimizing SQL query statements, and the executor is used to execute the query and return the results.

Commonly used performance monitoring tools:

1. MySQL Performance Schema: Provides a set of APIs and views for detecting MySQL server performance at runtime. Performance statistics about the MySQL server can be obtained by querying the performance_schema table in the database.

Code Example 3: Query the table in the performance_schema database

SELECT event_name, count_star FROM performance_schema.events_statements_summary_by_digest ORDER BY count_star DESC;

2. MySQL Slow Query Log: Can record slow query statements whose execution time exceeds the specified threshold. The slow query log can be enabled and configured by setting the slow_query_log variable to ON and configuring the long_query_time variable.

Code Example 4: Enable slow query log

SET GLOBAL slow_query_log = 1;
SET GLOBAL long_query_time = 1; -- 指定执行时间阈值为1秒

Common performance tuning techniques:

1. Use indexes: Using indexes in MySQL can greatly improve Query performance. Indexes can be created by using the CREATE INDEX statement or the ALTER TABLE statement.

Code Example 5: Create Index

CREATE INDEX idx_name ON users (name);

2. Partitioned table: Decomposing a large table into multiple smaller sub-tables can improve query performance and data maintenance efficiency . Partitioned tables can be created and managed using the PARTITION BY statement.

Code example 6: Create a partitioned table

CREATE TABLE logs (
    id INT PRIMARY KEY,
    log_date DATE,
    message TEXT
) PARTITION BY RANGE (log_date) (
    PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-01-01'),
    PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-02-01'),
    PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-03-01'),
    PARTITION p3 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-04-01'),
    PARTITION p4 VALUES LESS THAN ('2020-05-01')
);

3. Optimize query statements: You can improve query performance by optimizing the writing and structure of query statements. Common optimization methods include avoiding the use of SELECT *, using EXPLAIN statements to analyze query plans, and using JOIN statements instead of subqueries.

Code example 7: Use JOIN statement instead of subquery

SELECT users.name, orders.order_id FROM users JOIN orders ON users.id = orders.user_id WHERE users.id = 1;

Conclusion:

How to monitor and tune the performance of MySQL is the core knowledge that technical students must master one. By using performance monitoring tools and tuning techniques, we can better understand and optimize the operation of the MySQL server and improve application performance and stability. This article introduces some commonly used performance monitoring and tuning techniques, and provides actual code examples and design specifications, hoping to be helpful to technical students.

Reference materials:

• MySQL official documentation: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/
• High Performance MySQL: Optimization, Backups, and Replication (3rd Edition)
• MySQL Performance Tuning and Architecture Design (2nd Edition)
• Geek Time "MySQL Practical Lectures 45"

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