C++ development of PHP7/8 extensions: Improve your PHP programming skills

C Developing PHP7/8 extensions: Improve your PHP programming skills

Introduction:
PHP is a very popular server-side scripting language that is widely used Used in web development. PHP provides a wealth of built-in functions and features, but sometimes we need more efficient or lower-level methods to extend PHP's functionality. At this time, C has become one of our preferred languages. This article will introduce how to develop PHP7/8 extensions through C to improve your PHP programming skills.

1. Basic concepts
Before we start, let’s understand some basic concepts.

1. PHP extensions
   PHP extensions are libraries written in C or C that are used to enhance the functionality of PHP. By writing PHP extensions, we can mix some efficient or low-level code with PHP code.
2. Zend Engine
   The Zend engine is part of the PHP interpreter and is responsible for parsing and executing PHP code. When developing PHP extensions, we need to understand some principles and mechanisms of the Zend engine.

2. Development environment preparation
Before starting development, we need to prepare the development environment.

1. Compilation environment
   In the Linux environment, we need to install the GCC compiler and PHP development package. In a Windows environment, we can use MinGW or Visual Studio to compile extensions.
2. Editing Tools
   We can choose an editor we are familiar with, such as Sublime Text, Visual Studio Code, etc.

3. Develop C extension
Let’s introduce how to develop a simple C extension.

1. Create extension directory
   First, we need to create a new directory under the PHP extension directory to store our C code. Assuming that we are using PHP's extension directory as ext, we can create a directory named hello.
2. Writing extension source code
   In the hello directory, we create a file named hello.cpp to write our extension source code. Here is a simple example:

#include <php.h>

zend_function_entry hello_functions[] = {
    PHP_FE(hello_world, NULL)
    {NULL, NULL, NULL}
};

zend_module_entry hello_module_entry = {
    STANDARD_MODULE_HEADER,
    "hello",
    hello_functions,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    NULL,
    "1.0",
    STANDARD_MODULE_PROPERTIES
};

ZEND_GET_MODULE(hello)

PHP_FUNCTION(hello_world)
{
    php_printf("Hello, World!
");
}

In this example, we have defined a PHP function named hello_world, when the function is called, will be output Hello, World!.

3. Writing the configuration file
   In the hello directory, we create a file named config.m4 to write our configuration file . The following is a simple example:

PHP_ARG_ENABLE(hello, whether to enable hello extension,
[  --enable-hello    Enable hello extension support])

if test $PHP_HELLO != "no"; then
  PHP_SUBST(hello_SHARED_LIBADD)
  PHP_NEW_EXTENSION(hello, hello.cpp, $ext_shared)
fi

In this example, we define an extension named hello to control whether to enable our extension.

4. Compiling and installing the extension
   In the hello directory, we execute the following commands to compile and install our extension:

$ phpize
$ ./configure --enable-hello
$ make
$ make install

5. Testing the extension
   In the PHP code, we can use the hello_world function to test our extension:

<?php

hello_world();

?>

Run the above PHP code, we will see in the output Hello, World!.

Conclusion:
By using C to develop PHP7/8 extensions, we can extend the functionality of PHP and use the efficient or low-level features of C to improve PHP programming skills. This article describes the basic steps for developing C extensions and provides a simple example for the reader's reference. I hope this article can help you take your PHP development to the next level.

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