Master-slave replication and high availability architecture in MySQL

Master-slave replication and high-availability architecture in MySQL

With the continuous growth of Internet applications and data volume, the high availability and scalability of the database have become increasingly is becoming more and more important. As a widely used open source relational database, MySQL provides master-slave replication and high-availability architecture solutions.

Master-slave replication refers to the process of using a MySQL database instance as the master database (master) and copying its data to one or more slave databases (slave). This replication method can achieve redundant backup of data and separation of reading and writing, improving system performance and availability.

In MySQL, the configuration of master-slave replication is very simple. First, you need to enable binary log on the main library and set the parameter log-bin=master through the configuration file my.cnf. Then configure the connection information of the master database on the slave database, set the parameter replicate-do-db=database_name through the configuration file my.cnf, and specify the database to be replicated. Finally, start the slave library and enter the command START SLAVE through the command line.

The following is the sample code:

Main library configuration (main library my.cnf configuration file):

[mysqld]
log-bin=master

Slave library configuration (slave library my.cnf configuration file):

[mysqld]
replicate-do-db=my_database

Start the slave database (command line input):

START SLAVE;

Once the configuration is completed and the slave database is started, the data update operations on the master database will be automatically copied to the slave database. Read operations can also be performed on the slave library to share the read pressure on the master library.

In addition to master-slave replication, MySQL also provides more advanced high-availability architecture solutions, such as master-master replication and multi-master replication.

Master-master replication refers to using two or more MySQL database instances as the master database at the same time and replicating data with each other. This architecture can achieve dual-machine hot backup. When one of the main databases fails, the other main database can immediately take over the work. In master-master replication, attention needs to be paid to resolving data conflicts. Data consistency can be ensured through methods such as automatic numbering or timestamps.

Multi-master replication configures multiple MySQL database instances as master databases and replicates data to each other. This architecture can achieve horizontal expansion and provide better performance and availability in the face of large data volumes and high concurrency.

The following is the sample code:

Master-master replication configuration (my.cnf configuration file of master library 1):

[mysqld]
log-bin=master1
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=1

Master-master replication configuration (my of master library 2 .cnf configuration file):

[mysqld]
log-bin=master2
auto_increment_increment=2
auto_increment_offset=2

Start master-master replication (command line input):

START SLAVE;

In summary, MySQL’s master-slave replication and high-availability architecture provide a way to achieve data redundancy Solution for backup and read-write separation. Through simple configuration and command operations, high availability and scalability of the database can be easily achieved. At the same time, master-master replication and multi-master replication also provide more advanced solutions to deal with the challenges of large data volume and high concurrency.

The above example code is for reference only. Please adjust the specific configuration and operation according to the actual situation. I hope this article will be helpful in understanding the master-slave replication and high-availability architecture in MySQL.

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