Vue3+TS+Vite development skills: How to use TypeScript to enhance development efficiency

Vue3 TS Vite development skills: How to use TypeScript to enhance development efficiency

Introduction:
Vue is a popular JavaScript framework, and with the release of Vue3 , which brings many new features and improvements. TypeScript is a strongly typed superset of JavaScript that provides better tool support and type safety during development. Vite is a fast build tool that provides a powerful development server and hot update capabilities. In this article, we will use Vue3 combined with TypeScript and Vite to explore some techniques that can improve development efficiency.

1. Configure the Vue3 TS Vite project
To start a Vue3 TS Vite project, first we need to install the Vue CLI:

npm install -g @vue/cli

Then create a new Vue project in the command line:

vue create my-project

Select "Manually select features" to manually select features to add, and then select "TypeScript".

After completion, we can use the following command to enter the project directory and start the development server:

cd my-project
npm run serve

2. Type inference using TypeScript
In Vue3, we can use TypeScript to provide more Good type checking and type inference. By declaring the types of properties such as Props, data, computed, etc., we can ensure that the code is more robust during development.

For example, in a Vue component, we can define the type of Props in the following way:

import { defineComponent, PropType } from 'vue';

interface MyComponentProps {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}

export default defineComponent({
  props: {
    name: {
      type: String as PropType<MyComponentProps['name']>,
      required: true
    },
    age: {
      type: Number as PropType<MyComponentProps['age']>,
      default: 18
    }
  },
  setup(props) {
    // ...
  }
});

In this example, we use an interface MyComponentProps to define The type of Props, and PropType is used in Props to specify the type. This way we can ensure that we pass in the correct Props when using the component and get the correct type hints when using it.

Similarly, we can also use TypeScript's type inference in data, computed, methods and other attributes to enhance the readability and maintainability of the code.

3. Using TypeScript decorators
TypeScript provides some decorators that can help us use some advanced features more conveniently in Vue3 development.

1. @ComponentDecorator
   In Vue2, we need to use Vue.extend to create a Vue component class. In Vue3, we can use the defineComponent function to define a Vue component.

In order to make the code clearer, we can use the @Component decorator instead of the defineComponent function:

import { Component, Vue } from 'vue-class-component';

@Component
export default class MyComponent extends Vue {
  // ...
}

2. @PropDecorator
   In the Vue component, we can use the @Prop decorator to declare a Props property and specify its type:

import { Component, Prop, Vue } from 'vue-class-component';

@Component
export default class MyComponent extends Vue {
  @Prop({ type: String, required: true })
  name!: string;
}

In this way, we can use this.name directly in the component to access the Props property, and get the correct type hints and checks.

4. Use the Composition API of Vue3
The Composition API introduced by Vue3 allows us to better organize and reuse code logic. The Composition API provides better type inference and checking when using TypeScript.

1. Use ref() and reactive() functions
   In Vue3, we can use the ref() function To create reactive variables to track changes in data. Using the reactive() function can convert a normal object into a responsive object.

import { ref, reactive, onMounted } from 'vue';

export default defineComponent({
  setup() {
    const count = ref(0);
    const data = reactive({
      name: 'Alice',
      age: 18
    });

    onMounted(() => {
      count.value++; // ref需要通过value属性访问
    });

    return {
      count,
      data
    };
  }
});

In this example, we use the ref() function to create a responsive count variable and access it through the value attribute value. At the same time, we also used the reactive() function to convert the data object into a responsive object.

2. Using custom hooks
   In the Composition API, we can use the provide and inject functions for data transfer. When using TypeScript, we can combine generics to provide better type checking.

import { InjectionKey, provide, inject } from 'vue';

interface MyContext {
  name: string;
  age: number;
}

const myKey: InjectionKey<MyContext> = Symbol();

export function provideMyContext(context: MyContext) {
  provide(myKey, context);
}

export function useMyContext(): MyContext {
  const context = inject(myKey);

  if (!context) {
    throw new Error('Cannot find MyContext');
  }

  return context;
}

In this example, we use the provide and inject functions to provide and obtain the MyContext object. Through generics MyContext, we can ensure that the types passed and received are consistent.

Conclusion:
This article introduces some techniques for using TypeScript to enhance Vue3 Vite development efficiency, including type inference, decorators, Composition API, etc. By using these techniques properly, we can make the code more robust, readable and improve development efficiency. I hope these tips will be helpful to your development work in the Vue3 TS Vite project.

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