How to configure Nginx proxy server in Docker container to support HTTP/2 protocol for web services?

How to configure Nginx proxy server in Docker container to support HTTP/2 protocol for web services?

Introduction
HTTP/2 protocol, as an upgraded version of HTTP/1.1, has become the new standard for the Hypertext Transfer Protocol in Web servers by improving performance and security features. As a high-performance web server, Nginx also supports the use of HTTP/2 protocol. This article will introduce how to configure the Nginx proxy server in a Docker container to support the HTTP/2 protocol of the web service.

Step 1: Create a Docker container
First, we need to create a Docker container on the local computer. You can create a new container through Docker commands, for example:

docker run -d -p 80:80 --name nginx-proxy nginx:latest

The above command will create a container named nginx-proxy and map port 80 of the local computer to port 80 in the container.

Step 2: Enter the Docker container
Enter the just created container through the following command:

docker exec -it nginx-proxy bash

This command will enter the bash terminal of the nginx-proxy container.

Step 3: Edit the Nginx configuration file
In the container, we need to edit the Nginx configuration file to enable the HTTP/2 protocol. By default, Nginx's configuration file is located at /etc/nginx/nginx.conf. Use a text editor to open the file, for example:

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

In the opened file, find the following configuration item:

listen       80;

Then, add the following content below the line to enable HTTP /2 protocol:

listen 443 ssl http2;

This configuration will change the port Nginx listens on to 443 and enable SSL and HTTP/2 protocols.

Step 4: Generate SSL certificate
Since the HTTP/2 protocol requires the use of SSL encrypted communication, we need to generate an SSL certificate for Nginx. You can use the OpenSSL tool to generate a self-signed certificate. Run the following command in the container to generate an SSL certificate:

openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key -out /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt

The above command will generate a self-signed certificate valid for 365 days and save the private key to the /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key file , save the certificate to the /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt file.

Step 5: Configure Nginx proxy server
Now, we need to edit the Nginx proxy server configuration file. Typically, the proxy server's configuration file is located at /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf. Use a text editor to open the file, for example:

vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf

In the opened file, find the following configuration item:

location / {
    proxy_pass http://backend;
}

Then, add the following content above the configuration item to define SSL certificate and enable HTTP/2 protocol:

listen 443 ssl http2;
ssl_certificate /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/ssl/nginx.key;

These configurations will tell Nginx to use the previously generated SSL certificate and enable the HTTP/2 protocol.

Step 6: Restart the Nginx service
After completing the above configuration, we need to restart the Nginx service for the configuration to take effect. Run the following command in the container to restart the Nginx service:

nginx -s reload

Now, the Nginx proxy server has been configured and supports web services using the HTTP/2 protocol.

Conclusion
Through the steps in this article, we successfully configured the Nginx proxy server in the Docker container to support the HTTP/2 protocol of the web service. Using the HTTP/2 protocol can provide faster performance and higher security, making our web applications run more efficiently and reliably in containers.

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