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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp 代码优化的42条建议 推荐_PHP

1.如果一个方法可静态化,就对它做静态声明。速率可提升至4倍。
2.echo 比 print 快。
3.使用echo的多重参数(译注:指用逗号而不是句点)代替字符串连接。
4.在执行for循环之前确定最大循环数,不要每循环一次都计算最大值。
5.注销那些不用的变量尤其是大数组,以便释放内存。
6.尽量避免使用__get,__set,__autoload。
7.require_once()代价昂贵。
8.在包含文件时使用完整路径,解析操作系统路径所需的时间会更少。
9.如果你想知道脚本开始执行(译注:即服务器端收到客户端请求)的时刻,使用$_SERVER[‘REQUEST_TIME']要好于time()。
10.函数代替正则表达式完成相同功能。
11.str_replace函数比preg_replace函数快,但strtr函数的效率是str_replace函数的四倍。
12.如果一个字符串替换函数,可接受数组或字符作为参数,并且参数长度不太长,那么可以考虑额外写一段替换代码,使得每次传递参数是一个字符,而不是只写一行代码接受数组作为查询和替换的参数。
13.使用选择分支语句(译注:即switch case)好于使用多个if,else if语句。
14.用@屏蔽错误消息的做法非常低效。
15.打开apache的mod_deflate模块。
16.数据库连接当使用完毕时应关掉。
17.$row[‘id']的效率是$row[id]的7倍。
18.错误消息代价昂贵。
19.尽量不要在for循环中使用函数,比如for ($x=0; $x 20.在方法中递增局部变量,速度是最快的。几乎与在函数中调用局部变量的速度相当。
21.递增一个全局变量要比递增一个局部变量慢2倍。
22.递增一个对象属性(如:$this->prop++)要比递增一个局部变量慢3倍。
23.递增一个未预定义的局部变量要比递增一个预定义的局部变量慢9至10倍。
24.仅定义一个局部变量而没在函数中调用它,同样会减慢速度(其程度相当于递增一个局部变量)。PHP大概会检查看是否存在全局变量。
25.方法调用看来与类中定义的方法的数量无关,因为我(在测试方法之前和之后都)添加了10个方法,但性能上没有变化。
26.派生类中的方法运行起来要快于在基类中定义的同样的方法。
27.调用带有一个参数的空函数,其花费的时间相当于执行7至8次的局部变量递增操作。类似的方法调用所花费的时间接近于15次的局部变量递增操作。
28.用单引号代替双引号来包含字符串,这样做会更快一些。因为PHP会在双引号包围的字符串中搜寻变量,单引号则不会。当然,只有当你不需要在字符串中包含变量时才可以这么做。
29.输出多个字符串时,用逗号代替句点来分隔字符串,速度更快。注意:只有echo能这么做,它是一种可以把多个字符串当作参数的“函数”(译注:PHP手册中说echo是语言结构,不是真正的函数,故把函数加上了双引号)。
30.Apache解析一个PHP脚本的时间要比解析一个静态HTML页面慢2至10倍。尽量多用静态HTML页面,少用脚本。
31.除非脚本可以缓存,否则每次调用时都会重新编译一次。引入一套PHP缓存机制通常可以提升25%至100%的性能,以免除编译开销。
32.尽量做缓存,可使用memcached。memcached是一款高性能的内存对象缓存系统,可用来加速动态Web应用程序,减轻数据库负载。对运算码 (OP code)的缓存很有用,使得脚本不必为每个请求做重新编译。
33.当操作字符串并需要检验其长度是否满足某种要求时,你想当然地会使用strlen()函数。此函数执行起来相当快,因为它不做任何计算,只返回在zval结构(C的内置数据结构,用于存储PHP变量)中存储的已知字符串长度。但是,由于strlen()是函数,多多少少会有些慢,因为函数调用会经过诸多步骤,如字母小写化(译注:指函数名小写化,PHP不区分函数名大小写)、哈希查找,会跟随被调用的函数一起执行。在某些情况下,你可以使用isset()技巧加速执行你的代码。
(举例如下)
if (strlen($foo) (与下面的技巧做比较)
if (!isset($foo{5})) { echo "Foo is too short"$$ }
调用isset()恰巧比strlen()快,因为与后者不同的是,isset()作为一种语言结构,意味着它的执行不需要函数查找和字母小写化。也就是说,实际上在检验字符串长度的顶层代码中你没有花太多开销。
34.当执行变量$i的递增或递减时,$i++会比++$i慢一些。这种差异是PHP特有的,并不适用于其他语言,所以请不要修改你的C或Java代码并指望它们能立即变快,没用的。++$i更快是因为它只需要3条指令(opcodes),$i++则需要4条指令。后置递增实际上会产生一个临时变量,这个临时变量随后被递增。而前置递增直接在原值上递增。这是最优化处理的一种,正如Zend的PHP优化器所作的那样。牢记这个优化处理不失为一个好主意,因为并不是所有的指令优化器都会做同样的优化处理,并且存在大量没有装配指令优化器的互联网服务提供商(ISPs)和服务器。
35.并不是事必面向对象(OOP),面向对象往往开销很大,每个方法和对象调用都会消耗很多内存。
36.并非要用类实现所有的数据结构,数组也很有用。
37.不要把方法细分得过多,仔细想想你真正打算重用的是哪些代码?
38.当你需要时,你总能把代码分解成方法。
39.尽量采用大量的PHP内置函数。
40.如果在代码中存在大量耗时的函数,你可以考虑用C扩展的方式实现它们。
41.评估检验(profile)你的代码。检验器会告诉你,代码的哪些部分消耗了多少时间。Xdebug调试器包含了检验程序,评估检验总体上可以显示出代码的瓶颈。
42.mod_zip可作为Apache模块,用来即时压缩你的数据,并可让数据传输量降低80%。

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