0、用单引号代替双引号来包含字符串,这样做会更快一些。因为PHP会在双引号包围的字符串中搜寻变量,单引号则不会,注意:只有echo能这么做,它是一种可以把多个字符串当作参数的“函数”(译注:PHP手册中说echo是语言结构,不是真正的函数,故把函数加上了双引号)。
1、如果能将类的方法定义成static,就尽量定义成static,它的速度会提升将近4倍。
2、$row[’id’] 的速度是$row[id]的7倍。
3、echo 比 print 快,并且使用echo的多重参数(译注:指用逗号而不是句点)代替字符串连接,比如echo $str1,$str2。
4、在执行for循环之前确定最大循环数,不要每循环一次都计算最大值,最好运用foreach代替。
5、注销那些不用的变量尤其是大数组,以便释放内存。
6、尽量避免使用__get,__set,__autoload。
7、require_once()代价昂贵。
8、include文件时尽量使用绝对路径,因为它避免了PHP去include_path里查找文件的速度,解析操作系统路径所需的时间会更少。
9、如果你想知道脚本开始执行(译注:即服务器端收到客户端请求)的时刻,使用$_SERVER[‘REQUEST_TIME’]要好于time()。
10、函数代替正则表达式完成相同功能。
11、str_replace函数比preg_replace函数快,但strtr函数的效率是str_replace函数的四倍。
12、如果一个字符串替换函数,可接受数组或字符作为参数,并且参数长度不太长,那么可以考虑额外写一段替换代码,使得每次传递参数是一个字符,而不是只写一行代码接受数组作为查询和替换的参数。
13、使用选择分支语句(译注:即switch case)好于使用多个if,else if语句。
14、用@屏蔽错误消息的做法非常低效,极其低效。
15、打开apache的mod_deflate模块,可以提高网页的浏览速度。
16、数据库连接当使用完毕时应关掉,不要用长连接。
17、错误消息代价昂贵。
18、在方法中递增局部变量,速度是最快的。几乎与在函数中调用局部变量的速度相当。
19、递增一个全局变量要比递增一个局部变量慢2倍。
20、递增一个对象属性(如:$this->prop++)要比递增一个局部变量慢3倍。

PHPidentifiesauser'ssessionusingsessioncookiesandsessionIDs.1)Whensession_start()iscalled,PHPgeneratesauniquesessionIDstoredinacookienamedPHPSESSIDontheuser'sbrowser.2)ThisIDallowsPHPtoretrievesessiondatafromtheserver.

The security of PHP sessions can be achieved through the following measures: 1. Use session_regenerate_id() to regenerate the session ID when the user logs in or is an important operation. 2. Encrypt the transmission session ID through the HTTPS protocol. 3. Use session_save_path() to specify the secure directory to store session data and set permissions correctly.

PHPsessionfilesarestoredinthedirectoryspecifiedbysession.save_path,typically/tmponUnix-likesystemsorC:\Windows\TemponWindows.Tocustomizethis:1)Usesession_save_path()tosetacustomdirectory,ensuringit'swritable;2)Verifythecustomdirectoryexistsandiswrita

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The steps to build an efficient shopping cart system using sessions include: 1) Understand the definition and function of the session. The session is a server-side storage mechanism used to maintain user status across requests; 2) Implement basic session management, such as adding products to the shopping cart; 3) Expand to advanced usage, supporting product quantity management and deletion; 4) Optimize performance and security, by persisting session data and using secure session identifiers.

The article explains how to create, implement, and use interfaces in PHP, focusing on their benefits for code organization and maintainability.

The article discusses the differences between crypt() and password_hash() in PHP for password hashing, focusing on their implementation, security, and suitability for modern web applications.

Article discusses preventing Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) in PHP through input validation, output encoding, and using tools like OWASP ESAPI and HTML Purifier.


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