How to solve C++ runtime error: 'pointer out of bounds'?

How to solve C runtime error: 'pointer out of bounds'?

Introduction:
In C programming, ‘pointer out of bounds’ is a common runtime error. This error occurs when we use a pointer to access an out-of-bounds memory address. This article will describe the cause of this error and provide some solutions and sample code.

Cause:
'pointer out of bounds' error is usually caused by one of the following reasons:

1. The pointer is not initialized: If we do not initialize the pointer before using it is a valid address, then an error will occur when accessing the value pointed to by the pointer.

2. The pointer is released after use: If we continue to use the pointer after releasing the memory pointed to by the pointer, an error will occur.

3. Array out-of-bounds: When we use a pointer to access an array element, if the position pointed by the pointer exceeds the boundary of the array, an out-of-bounds error will occur.

Solution:
In order to solve the 'pointer out of bounds' error, we can take some of the following measures:

1. Initialize the pointer: Before using the pointer, make sure to initialize it as a valid address. You can use the new operator to allocate memory for a pointer and point the pointer to the allocated memory address.

Sample code:

int* ptr = new int; // 分配一个整数的内存空间 
*ptr = 10; // 在分配的内存地址中存储值 

// 使用指针 
cout << "Value: " << *ptr << endl;

// 释放内存 
delete ptr;

2. Check whether the pointer is null: Before using the pointer, check whether the pointer is null. If the pointer is null, it means that the pointer has not been initialized or has been released. We should handle the pointer with caution and avoid using it.

Sample code:

int* ptr = nullptr; // 初始化为空指针

if(ptr != nullptr) {
  // 使用指针
  *ptr = 10;
  cout << "Value: " << *ptr << endl;
}
else {
  cout << "Error: Pointer is null" << endl;
}

3. Check array boundaries: When using pointers to access array elements, ensure that the location pointed by the pointer does not exceed the boundaries of the array.

Sample code:

int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
int* ptr = &arr[5];

// 检查数组边界
if(ptr >= arr && ptr < arr + 5) {
  // 使用指针
  cout << "Value: " << *ptr << endl;
}
else {
  cout << "Error: Pointer is out of bounds" << endl;
}

Summary:
The 'pointer out of bounds' error is one of the common errors in C programming. To avoid this error, we should initialize the pointer before using it, ensure that the pointer is not null, and when using the pointer to access an array element, check whether the pointer exceeds the bounds of the array. By following these suggestions and sample code, we can better handle 'pointer out of bounds' errors and write more reliable C code.

Note: The above sample code is only to demonstrate how to handle the 'pointer out of bounds' error. The actual situation may vary depending on the specific code. In actual development, please choose the appropriate solution according to the specific situation.

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