Best practices and precautions for building a web server under CentOS 7

Best practices and precautions for building a web server under CentOS 7

Introduction:
In today's Internet era, the web server is the core of building and hosting websites One of the components. CentOS 7 is a powerful Linux distribution widely used in server environments. This article will explore the best practices and considerations for setting up a web server on CentOS 7, and provide some code examples to help you better understand.

1. Install Apache HTTP server
Apache is one of the most widely used web servers. Installing Apache on CentOS 7 is simple, just enter the following command:

sudo yum install httpd

After the installation is complete, you can use the following command to start and stop the Apache server:

sudo systemctl start httpd    // 启动Apache
sudo systemctl stop httpd     // 停止Apache

2. Set firewall rules
After installing Apache, in order to ensure the security of the server, we need to set up firewall rules to allow HTTP and HTTPS traffic to pass. The following command sets the rules:

sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http     // 允许HTTP流量
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=https    // 允许HTTPS流量
sudo firewall-cmd --reload    // 重新加载防火墙配置

3. Configure Apache virtual host
Virtual host allows you to host multiple websites on the same server. The following is a simple virtual host configuration example:

<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName example.com
    ServerAlias www.example.com
    DocumentRoot /var/www/html/example
    ErrorLog /var/log/httpd/example_error.log
    CustomLog /var/log/httpd/example_access.log combined
</VirtualHost>

In the above example, we point example.com and www.example.com to the /var/www/html/example directory, And record the error log and access log to /var/log/httpd/example_error.log and /var/log/httpd/example_access.log respectively.

4. Install PHP
PHP is a popular server-side scripting language and has good compatibility with the Apache server. Install PHP on CentOS 7:

sudo yum install php php-mysql

After installing PHP, you need to restart Apache for PHP to take effect:

sudo systemctl restart httpd

5. Configure the MySQL database
The database is the core of many websites . To install and configure the MySQL database on CentOS 7, please refer to the official documentation.

6. Write dynamic web pages
After Apache and PHP are installed and configured, you can write dynamic web pages to interact with the database. The following is an example of using PHP to get data from a MySQL database:

<?php
$conn = mysqli_connect("localhost", "username", "password", "database");
if (!$conn) {
    die("Connection failed: " . mysqli_connect_error());
}

$sql = "SELECT * FROM users";
$result = mysqli_query($conn, $sql);

if (mysqli_num_rows($result) > 0) {
    while ($row = mysqli_fetch_assoc($result)) {
        echo "ID: " . $row["id"] . " Name: " . $row["name"] . "<br>";
    }
} else {
    echo "No results found.";
}

mysqli_close($conn);
?>

The above example connects to the MySQL database, executes the SELECT statement and outputs the results.

Conclusion:
Building a web server is an important task and requires reasonable configuration and good security. This article discusses best practices and considerations for setting up a web server on CentOS 7, and provides some code examples. I hope that the guidance in this article can help you successfully build and manage your own web server.

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