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Comparative analysis of PHP real-time communication function and Websocket

WBOYOriginal: 2023-08-10 11:43:441485browse

Comparative analysis of PHP real-time communication function and WebSocket

With the continuous development of the Internet, real-time communication function is becoming more and more important in websites and applications. The real-time communication function allows users to communicate and interact in scenarios with high real-time requirements, such as online chat, multiplayer games, instant messaging, etc. As a popular server-side programming language, PHP also provides a variety of methods to achieve real-time communication, among which Websocket is a commonly used technology. This article will conduct a comparative analysis of PHP real-time communication functions and Websocket, and give some code examples.

1. PHP real-time communication function

Polling Polling
Polling is a commonly used real-time communication method. Its principle is that the client sends requests to the server regularly to Get the latest data. After the server receives the request, it checks whether there is new data and returns the data to the client. This process will be repeated continuously to achieve the effect of real-time communication. However, this method has some disadvantages, such as continuous requests and responses that increase network load and resource consumption, and real-time performance is limited by the frequency of requests.
Comet Long Polling
Comet is an improved polling method. Its principle is that after the client sends a request, the server will maintain the connection for a period of time when there is no new data until there is new data. Returned to the client. This method reduces the frequency of requests, but there is still a large network load and resource consumption, and the operation is complex.
Server-Sent Events (SSE) Server Push Events
SSE is a server push technology based on the HTTP protocol. The client connects to the server through the EventSource object and receives data pushed by the server. Compared with polling and long polling, this method reduces unnecessary requests and responses and is more efficient. However, SSE only works for one-way communication, where data can only be pushed by the server to the client.

2. Websocket
Websocket is a full-duplex communication protocol. Its design goal is to establish a persistent connection between the client and the server to achieve two-way communication. Compared with the above-mentioned PHP real-time communication method, Websocket has the following advantages:

Low latency: The connection established by Websocket is persistent and does not require frequent requests and responses, allowing it to achieve higher real-time performance. communication effect.
Low network load: Websocket uses a binary protocol. Compared with traditional text-based communication protocols, Websocket's data packet size is smaller, reducing the load of network transmission.
Clients and servers can actively send data: Websocket is not only a one-way data push, both the client and the server can actively send data to achieve true two-way communication.
Support cross-domain communication: Websocket supports cross-domain communication and can communicate between different domain names and different servers.

Some sample codes are given below to demonstrate how to use PHP to implement Websocket communication functions.

Server-side code example:

<?php
$server = new WebSocketServer("localhost", 8000);

//监听连接事件
$server->addListener("connect", function ($connection) {
   echo "Client connected: " . $connection->getId() . "
";
});

//监听数据接收事件
$server->addListener("receive", function ($connection, $data) {
   echo "Received from client: " . $data . "
";
   //处理数据，可以将数据发送给其他客户端
});

//监听断开连接事件
$server->addListener("disconnect", function ($connection) {
   echo "Client disconnected: " . $connection->getId() . "
";
});

//启动服务器
$server->start();
?>

Client-side code example:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Websocket Client</title>
    <script>
      //创建Websocket对象
      var socket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000");

      //连接成功事件
      socket.onopen = function(event) {
        console.log("Connected to server");
      };

      //接收消息事件
      socket.onmessage = function(event) {
        console.log("Received from server: " + event.data);
      };

      //关闭连接事件
      socket.onclose = function(event) {
        console.log("Connection closed");
      };

      //向服务器发送消息
      function sendMessage() {
        var message = document.getElementById("message").value;
        socket.send(message);
      }
    </script>
  </head>
  <body>
    <input type="text" id="message" />
    <button onclick="sendMessage()">Send</button>
  </body>
</html>

Through the above code examples, we can see that it is relatively simple to use PHP to implement Websocket communication functions. The server handles the client's request by creating a WebSocketServer object and listening for events such as connection, data reception, and disconnection. The client establishes a connection with the server by creating a WebSocket object and sends and receives messages.

To sum up, compared with Websocket, PHP real-time communication function has lower delay, lower network load and two-way communication characteristics. In applications that require real-time communication, choosing Websocket as the technical solution for real-time communication is a more appropriate choice.

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