Detailed explanation of the application scenarios of Nginx server in large website architecture

Application scenarios of Nginx server in large website architecture

Introduction:
In the current Internet era, the number of visits to large websites continues to increase, which puts forward higher requirements for server performance and stability . As a high-performance, high-reliability open source server, Nginx server is adopted by more and more large websites. This article will introduce the application scenarios of Nginx in large website architecture and provide corresponding code examples.

1. Reverse proxy

1. Related concepts: Reverse proxy means that the client’s request to access the server is not sent directly to the target server, but to an intermediate reverse proxy Server, the reverse proxy server is responsible for forwarding requests to the target server. This architecture improves the performance and security of your website.
2. Code example:
   location / {
   proxy_pass http://backend_server;
   proxy_set_header Host $host;
   proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
   proxy_set_header X -Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
   }

2. Load balancing

1. Related concepts: Load balancing is to distribute requests to multiple servers, thereby spreading Server load, improving website availability and performance.

2. Code example:
   http {
   upstream backend_servers {

    server backend1.example.com;
    server backend2.example.com;
    server backend3.example.com;

   }

   server {

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend_servers;
    }

   }
   }

3. Static file caching

1. Related concepts: Static file caching is to cache commonly used static files such as images, CSS, JS, etc. on the Nginx server , reduce the access pressure on the back-end server, and improve the performance and response speed of the website.

2. Code example:
   http {
   server {

    location /static/ {
        root /var/www/html;
        expires 30d;
    }

   }
   }

4. Reverse Proxy cache

1. Related concepts: Reverse proxy cache caches the dynamic data returned by the back-end server on the Nginx server. When the same data is requested next time, the cached data is directly returned, reducing the need for back-end processing. end-server pressure.

2. Code example:
   http {
   server {

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend_server;
        proxy_cache cache_zone;
        proxy_cache_valid 200 1d;
    }

   }
   }

5. SSL/ TLS support

1. Related concepts: SSL/TLS is an encrypted communication protocol used to protect the security of network communications. The Nginx server supports the SSL/TLS protocol and can provide a secure and encrypted transmission channel for the website.

2. Code example:
   http {
   server {

    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;
   
    ssl_certificate /path/to/cert.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/key.pem;
   
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://backend_server;
    }

   }
   }

Conclusion:
Nginx server has a wide range of application scenarios in large website architecture. Improve website performance, availability, and security with reverse proxy, load balancing, static file caching, reverse proxy caching, and SSL/TLS support. The above code examples can help developers better understand and apply Nginx server, and provide support for building high-performance large-scale websites.

(Note: The above code examples are for reference only and need to be adjusted according to specific circumstances in actual applications.)

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